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Whose and Which

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David Kaye - 18 Oct 2008 10:17 GMT
I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
example.  To me, "who" refers to a person and "which" refers to non-
persons.  So, the correct construction would be "The computer, which
hard drive had just died..."

I don't like computers being treated like humans.  We have enough of
that already.
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 18 Oct 2008 12:05 GMT
>I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
>animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
>example.  To me, "who" refers to a person and "which" refers to non-
>persons.  So, the correct construction would be "The computer, which
>hard drive had just died..."

Not quite. The regularly formed possessive of "which" is "which's".

   "The computer, which's hard drive had just died..."

"which's" is simply not used. To avoid "whose" we can write:

   "The computer, the hard drive of which had just died..."

However, the OED says of "whose":

   3. In reference to a thing or things (inanimate or abstract). Originally
   the genitive of the neuter WHAT (sense 7); in later use serving as the
   genitive of WHICH (senses 7 and 8), and usually replaced by "of which",
   except where the latter would produce an intolerably clumsy form.

   1382 WYCLIF Deut. viii. 9 The loond of oyle and of hony;..whos stones ben
   yren, and of the hillis of it ben doluen metallys of brasse.
   1442 BECKINGTON Corr. (Rolls) II. 213 He hath..taken the townes and
   castles and forteresses whoos names be specified.
   ....

>I don't like computers being treated like humans.  We have enough of
>that already.

You are a machine. Obey your computer or it will show its displeasure by
having a humanoid hissy-fit.

Signature

Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.english.usage)

Robin Bignall - 18 Oct 2008 14:44 GMT
>>I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
>>animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 28 lines]
>You are a machine. Obey your computer or it will show its displeasure by
>having a humanoid hissy-fit.

The Times (yes, ours), in its comment column by the letters editor on
topics that have been brought up by nitpicking readers, reiterates
today that "who" is for people and "that" is for things. A gentle
intro to TCE is called for, wot?
Signature

Robin
(BrE)
Herts, England

tony cooper - 18 Oct 2008 14:52 GMT
>>>I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
>>>animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 33 lines]
>today that "who" is for people and "that" is for things. A gentle
>intro to TCE is called for, wot?

People that make a big deal over this are not much removed from
animals who sit around picking off each other's nits.


Signature

Tony Cooper - Orlando, Florida

pritsy - 18 Oct 2008 18:51 GMT
>>>>I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
>>>>animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 37 lines]
> People that make a big deal over this are not much removed from
> animals who sit around picking off each other's nits.

But...but... Isn't that why we are all reading this newsgroup?
Picking nits from each other is a bonding experience!
It's not much fun when someone shows up covered head to toe
with them.  But  - ah! - the pleasure found in finding a nit on a
usually carefully groomed troop-member!
Robin Bignall - 18 Oct 2008 21:26 GMT
>>>>I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
>>>>animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 36 lines]
>People that make a big deal over this are not much removed from
>animals who sit around picking off each other's nits.

That's a fairly gentle intro, but I fear it wouldn't get to the
letters column unscathed.

<q> (from the feedback editor who used to be the letters editor)
When I was letters editor a perennial debate concerned the extent to
which sub-editors should “save” correspondents from themselves.
Generally, we correct all spelling and most grammatical errors in
readers' letters, but aim to preserve their individual “voice”.
</q>
Signature

Robin
(BrE)
Herts, England

HVS - 19 Oct 2008 15:53 GMT
On 18 Oct 2008, Robin Bignall wrote

> That's a fairly gentle intro, but I fear it wouldn't get to the
> letters column unscathed.
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> their individual "voice".
></q>

I don't care if he was or wasn't the letters editor;  I don't accept
that it's possible to "correct most grammatical errors in readers'
letters" and yet "preserve their individual 'voice'".

The fellow's either disingenuous or fooling himself if he thinks that
he can bugger around with a letter-writer's grammar without
introducing a different "voice" to the letter.

Signature

Cheers, Harvey
CanEng and BrEng, indiscriminately mixed

Bill McCray - 18 Oct 2008 21:00 GMT
>     "The computer, the hard drive of which had just died..."

How about "The computer, of which the hard drive had just died, ..."?

Bill

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Opinicus - 18 Oct 2008 14:56 GMT
> So, the correct construction would be "The computer, which
> hard drive had just died..."

Are you a native speaker? A native speaker would sense intuitively that that
is not a well-formed English sentence.

Signature

Bob
http://www.kanyak.com

David Kaye - 19 Oct 2008 05:52 GMT
On Oct 18, 6:56 am, "Opinicus"
<gez...@spamcop.net.which.is.not.invalid> wrote:

> Are you a native speaker? A native speaker would sense intuitively that that
> is not a well-formed English sentence.

I'm a native of San Francisco, which may or may not be America,
depending on whom you ask.  English is my first language.  We've used
"which" and "its" instead of "whose" and "her/him" in my family to
refer to non-human objects and animals, unless they were pets.
Athel Cornish-Bowden - 19 Oct 2008 08:52 GMT
> On Oct 18, 6:56 am, "Opinicus"
> <gez...@spamcop.net.which.is.not.invalid> wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> "which" and "its" instead of "whose" and "her/him" in my family to
> refer to non-human objects and animals, unless they were pets.

You can use whatever private language you like for communicating with
your family and pets, but in the outside world you'll have to learn to
live with the fact that using "whose" to refer to an inanimate object
is a perfectly standard usage that has no reasonable alternative: as
others have said "which" for "whose" is not English, "of which" is a
clumsy and ugly device for avoiding ending a sentence with a
preposition (and in this case bringing "of" to the end of the sentence
won't work either), and reorganizing the whole sentence is unnecessary
and clumsy.
Signature

athel

David Kaye - 19 Oct 2008 10:08 GMT
On Oct 19, 12:52 am, Athel Cornish-Bowden <acorn...@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr>
wrote:

> [....] using "whose" to refer to an inanimate object
> is a perfectly standard usage that has no reasonable alternative [....]

Is it perfectly standard usage?  I could think of several English
teachers I've known who would disagree.
Bob Cunningham - 19 Oct 2008 10:40 GMT
>On Oct 19, 12:52 am, Athel Cornish-Bowden <acorn...@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr>
>wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>Is it perfectly standard usage?  I could think of several English
>teachers I've known who would disagree.

English teachers tend to acquire strange ideas that betray lack of
memory of what they've been taught or should have been taught.

"Whose" with inanimate objects is unexceptionable.
Signature

Bob Cunningham, Southern California, USA.  Western American English

Bob Cunningham - 19 Oct 2008 15:15 GMT
>>On Oct 19, 12:52 am, Athel Cornish-Bowden <acorn...@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr>
>>wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>
>"Whose" with inanimate objects is unexceptionable.

I should have restricted that remark to the relative pronoun "whose".
The interrogative pronoun "whose" always refers to animate objects,
and almost always to a person.

Okay:  Whose book is this?
Not okay:  Whose tail is wagging?
Okay: The dog whose tail is wagging ... .
Signature

Bob Cunningham, Southern California, USA.  Western American English

Opinicus - 19 Oct 2008 18:16 GMT
> The interrogative pronoun "whose" always refers to animate objects,
> and almost always to a person.

> Not okay:  Whose tail is wagging?

Huh? What's wrong with that?

Signature

Bob
http://www.kanyak.com

Bob Cunningham - 19 Oct 2008 20:12 GMT
>> The interrogative pronoun "whose" always refers to animate objects,
>> and almost always to a person.
>
>> Not okay:  Whose tail is wagging?
>
>Huh? What's wrong with that?

I intended it to be apparent that the tail referred to would belong to
a dog.  Do you approve of using interrogative "whose" for a dog?  That
is, do you approve "Whose tail is wagging?" if "Which dog's tail is
wagging?" is meant?

Or do you have some other reason for questioning the unacceptability
of "Whose tail is wagging?"
Signature

Bob Cunningham, Southern California, USA.  Western American English

Opinicus - 20 Oct 2008 05:33 GMT
>>> Not okay:  Whose tail is wagging?
>>Huh? What's wrong with that?
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> Or do you have some other reason for questioning the unacceptability
> of "Whose tail is wagging?"

I don't have any problem with "Whose tail is wagging?" irrespective of
whatever the tail might be connected to.

Unlike other languages we don't have separate possessive forms of the
interrogative determiners "which" and "what" in English. They're all
"whose".

Signature

Bob
http://www.kanyak.com

Glenn Knickerbocker - 21 Oct 2008 21:28 GMT
> I don't have any problem with "Whose tail is wagging?"

How about "Whose motherboard is fried?"  I would understand "whose" here
to refer to the owner of the dead computer, not the computer possessing
the fried motherboard.  If the context made it clear that it referred to
a computer, I'd consider it a figurative use, personifying the
computers.  In normal speech, I'd use the adjective "which" instead of
the pronoun:  "Which one's motherboard is fried?"

¬R
Patok - 21 Oct 2008 22:14 GMT
>> I don't have any problem with "Whose tail is wagging?"
>
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> computers.  In normal speech, I'd use the adjective "which" instead of
> the pronoun:  "Which one's motherboard is fried?"

    However, if talking about humanoid robots, I'd be OK with "- Whose
motherboard is fried? - Daneel Olivaw's.".

Signature

You'd be crazy to e-mail me with the crazy. But leave the div alone.

Athel Cornish-Bowden - 20 Oct 2008 07:28 GMT
> On Oct 19, 12:52 am, Athel Cornish-Bowden <acorn...@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr>
> wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> Is it perfectly standard usage?  I could think of several English
> teachers I've known who would disagree.

I'm in Tenerife at the moment so I can't check any of my printed
references, but this is what someone quotes the 2nd edition of Modern
English Usage as saying:

"The tabooing of whose inanimate is on a level with that of the
preposition at end; both are great aids to flexibility; both are well
established in older as well as in colloquial English."

As far as I remember that is accurately quoted.

So, if the several English teachers you have known would disagree,
maybe you should suggest to them that they write guides of their own.

Signature

athel

Pat Durkin - 18 Oct 2008 18:50 GMT
> I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
> animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
> example.  To me, "who" refers to a person and "which" refers to non-
> persons.  So, the correct construction would be "The computer, which
> hard drive had just died..."

So you would deny the possessive for inanimate objects?  So we can't say
"Heaven's gate", right?  "Heaven gate", Heaven which gate", "Heaven that
gate"?  Would you not allow "Heaven which's gate",or"Heaven that's
gate"?

No "death's door", but "death which door" etc.

> I don't like computers being treated like humans.  We have enough of
> that already.
David Kaye - 19 Oct 2008 05:53 GMT
> So you would deny the possessive for inanimate objects?  

No, I would not deny such use.
Robert Lieblich - 20 Oct 2008 23:08 GMT
> > So you would deny the possessive for inanimate objects?
>
> No, I would not deny such use.

Then the obvious follow-up is to ask why you allow the possessive for
nouns that stand for inanimate objects but not for pronouns that serve
the same function.

As long ago as 1926 H.W. Fowler was commenting negatively on the
avoidance of what he called "whose inanimate."  He said that writing
"a house, the chimney of which" rather than "a house whose chimney"
[my example, but his were similar] added nothing but starch, and
Fowler was not a fan of starch.  More recent comment to the same
effect can be found at <http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/W0144600.html>,
and probably other places as well.

As others have observed, you and your family can adopt any usages
among yourselves that make you happy, but the rest of the world will
go its own way.  And the likes of Fowler and AH make it reasonably
clear that most of the rest of the world uses "whose inanimate"
without so much as a twitch.  If Miss Thistlebottom feels otherwise,
that's her problem.

Signature

Bob Lieblich
Than whose contributions none are more so

Bob Cunningham - 21 Oct 2008 02:18 GMT
>> > So you would deny the possessive for inanimate objects?
>>
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>without so much as a twitch.  If Miss Thistlebottom feels otherwise,
>that's her problem.

When commenting on "whose inanimate", it's a good idea to specify
which "whose" you are thinking of, the relative pronoun or the
interrogative pronoun.

Scanning Fowler's discussion that you have quoted in part, I don't see
any mention of interrogative vs relative "whose", and I don't see
anything about the interrogative in Gowers's Second Edition of
Fowler--again scanning quickly.  But Burchfield in his seriously
misnamed _The New Fowler's Modern English Usage_ starts out his
"whose" article with a brief dismissal of the interrogative use:

   No problems arise in questions: in these _whose_ always
   refers to a person.

But he quotes Fowler in his discussion of the relative-pronoun. He
calls the restriction of "whose" to persons a "folk-belief".

   Fowler (1926) was at his most vehement in attacking the
   rigidity and the prevalence of the folk-belief.

After giving some examples and quoting Fowler some more, he says

   [Fowler] concluded his article by declaring: 'Let us, in
   the name of common sense, prohibit the prohibition of
   _whose_ inanimate; good writing is surely difficult
   enough without the forbidding of things that have
   historical grammar, and present intelligibility, and
   obvious convenience, on their side, and lack only
   --starch.'

I, for one, would not be comfortable using interrogative "whose" to
refer to a dog, like in "Whose tail is wagging?"  But a respected
regular has recently said that he will use interrogative "whose"
without reservation.

There's no good single English word to replace interrogative "whose"
for use with a non-person.  The sense needed could be expressed as
"which's", pronounced ['wItS@z], but I doubt that a significant number
of people would find that acceptable.

   
Signature

Bob Cunningham, Southern California, USA.  Western American English

John Benwell - 19 Oct 2008 00:09 GMT
> I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
> animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> I don't like computers being treated like humans.  We have enough of
> that already.

Hi, Long time lurker, 52 yo Aussie English speaker. Thanks for the
continuing entertainment.

If the point is to not use an 'animal' word for an inanimate object, why use
the word 'died' implying it is an animal that was once alive.

In which case: (no pun intended)

"The computer which has just had a hard drive failure ..." works for me but
"The computer who has just had a hard drive failure... " does not.

regards
john
Grateful - 09 Dec 2008 21:06 GMT
> I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
> animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> I don't like computers being treated like humans.  We have enough of
> that already.

Why not just reconstruct the sentence?  The computer is being replaced
because of a hard drive failure.  The computer will be thrown out of
the window because its hard drive died.  The computer had a hard drive
failure, so it is out of commission.
Whatever.  We're not always stuck with a singular sentence
construction that may or may not result in awkward or convoluted
meaning.
Using "whose" in reference to an inanimate object is somewhat jarring
to me as well.  It does, however, seem to be an acceptable usage.
Vladimir - 17 Dec 2008 12:34 GMT
In article
<a1c1244f-89f3-49c3-9d0e-acc219c8ce01@a29g2000pra.googlegroups.com>,

> > I'm becoming annoyed at the use of "whose" for inanimate objects and
> > animals.  "The computer, whose hard drive had just died...." is an
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
> Using "whose" in reference to an inanimate object is somewhat jarring
> to me as well.  It does, however, seem to be an acceptable usage.

For me, it's far more annoying to read "people that do such a thing..."

Personally, I'm quite comfortable with "the computer, whose hard drive
had just died"
Athel Cornish-Bowden - 17 Dec 2008 17:46 GMT
> [ ... ]

> Using "whose" in reference to an inanimate object is somewhat jarring
>> to me as well.  It does, however, seem to be an acceptable usage.
>
> For me, it's far more annoying to read "people that do such a thing..."

Why? Saying that "that" can't refer to a person is just as much of a
superstition, ignoring centuries of English usage, as saying that
"whose" can't refer to a thing.

We have some people on AEU that don't want to recognize that it's a
superstition, but that doesn't mean they're right.

Those of us that go to church at Christmas (who won't include me unless
I get dragged) will doubtless hear the words "The people that walked in
darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the
shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined." Whatever you think
of the meaning, unless you have a cloth ear you surely can't think that
sound would be improved by replacing "that" by "who",  which would
bugger up the rhythm completely.

Of course, assuming that your name and email address are not forged,
you'll perhaps be hearing it in Russian, and what sounds nice in
Russian is not for me to decide.

Signature

athel

Adam Funk - 17 Dec 2008 21:59 GMT
> Why? Saying that "that" can't refer to a person is just as much of a
> superstition, ignoring centuries of English usage, as saying that
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> I get dragged) will doubtless hear the words "The people that walked in
> darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the

Or if they're following the 1662 BCP (I think), they'll say, "Our
Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name..."

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The generation of random numbers is too important to be left to
chance.                                     [Robert R. Coveyou]

Athel Cornish-Bowden - 18 Dec 2008 13:31 GMT
>> Why? Saying that "that" can't refer to a person is just as much of a
>> superstition, ignoring centuries of English usage, as saying that
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> Or if they're following the 1662 BCP (I think), they'll say, "Our
> Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name..."

I remember thinking as a child that that was quite odd, but whereas
"which" applied to gods or any other animate (or supposedly animate)
beings has pretty much disappeared (and the phrase you quote seems to
have that negligible influence on modern speech, even though many
millions have uttered it), "that" for animate and "whose" for inanimate
beings have remained in everyday use.
Signature

athel

Adam Funk - 18 Dec 2008 21:56 GMT
>> Or if they're following the 1662 BCP (I think), they'll say, "Our
>> Father, which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name..."
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> millions have uttered it), "that" for animate and "whose" for inanimate
> beings have remained in everyday use.

I'd never heard of the crazy supposed rule against inanimate "whose"
until recently.  Some authorities even prescribe animate "that" in
preference to "who/whom" for restrictive clauses.

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Oh, I do most of my quality thinking on the old sandbox.  [Bucky Katt]

Vladimir - 09 Jan 2009 04:28 GMT
> > [ ... ]
>
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> superstition, ignoring centuries of English usage, as saying that
> "whose" can't refer to a thing.

Then why have two words if one will do the job?

> Of course, assuming that your name and email address are not forged,
> you'll perhaps be hearing it in Russian, and what sounds nice in
> Russian is not for me to decide.

Name is a nic but yes, I'm currently in Russia. However, I'm not a
citizen, just a visitor. English is my native language. (But not
American either.)
Athel Cornish-Bowden - 09 Jan 2009 13:53 GMT
>>> [ ... ]
>>
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>
> Then why have two words if one will do the job?

What's your point? "That" is one word; "who" is one word; "which" is
one word; "whose" is one word. Even if your question were not
nonsensical it would still be wrong, because there are endless examples
of everyday phrases that contain more words than are strictly
necessary. English has little to do with logic, and still less with
minimization of word counts. So the only possible answer is "Why not?"

If you've ever studied multilingual notices you'll have noticed that  
the English version is nearly always the shortest, so English goes
further towards minimizing the character count than most other western
languages.

Signature

athel

Bill McCray - 09 Jan 2009 15:44 GMT
> Name is a nic but yes, I'm currently in Russia. However, I'm not a
> citizen, just a visitor. English is my native language. (But not
> American either.)

Does "nic" mean "nickname"?  

The last two sentences don't seem to correlate with each other.  The
"either" throws a monkey into the wrenchworks*.  I would expect either
"English is my native language, but not American" or "English is not
my native language, but not American either".

* Yeah, I know.  It was intentional.

Bill

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