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Definition of "Mean High Water" on Ordnance Survey Maps

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Richard Chambers - 12 Jan 2009 00:30 GMT
Susan and I have undertaken the project of walking the River Wharfe in
stages, 3 or 4 miles at a time, from its source in the Yorkshire Dales to
its outflow into the River Ouse some 10 miles south of the city of York. The
section we did today was close to Tadcaster, in the lower reaches of the
river.

The Ordnance Survey 2.5-inch map marks a feature of the river with the
legend "Mean High Water". I have tried to look up the definition of this
term using Google, but the only definition that I have been able to find is
(paraphrased) "the difference in height between mean sea level and mean high
tide". This definition is fine for an oceanologist, but is inappropriate and
meaningless when applied to the marking of a river-feature on a map. Could
somebody please supply the cartographical definition of the term, when
applied to a feature on a river.

I do not believe (although I could be wrong) that the river water would ever
become saline at high tide, at the position marked. This position is still
30 miles or so upstream from the sea. The map contour on the land adjacent
to the marked feature is 5m above mean sea level, although the river itself
obviously will lie somewhat below this level.

Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.
Raymond O'Hara - 12 Jan 2009 00:41 GMT
> Susan and I have undertaken the project of walking the River Wharfe in
> stages, 3 or 4 miles at a time, from its source in the Yorkshire Dales to
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>
> Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.

It's the average high water level as determined by averaging several years
worth of observations.
Don Aitken - 12 Jan 2009 01:52 GMT
>> Susan and I have undertaken the project of walking the River Wharfe in
>> stages, 3 or 4 miles at a time, from its source in the Yorkshire Dales to
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>It's the average high water level as determined by averaging several years
>worth of observations.

And the river is certainly tidal at this point. That has nothing to do
with whether the water becomes saline, which it probably doesn't.

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Don Aitken
Mail to the From: address is not read.
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Mike Lyle - 12 Jan 2009 19:26 GMT
[...]

> And the river is certainly tidal at this point. That has nothing to do
> with whether the water becomes saline, which it probably doesn't.

I've never been tempted to taste the Severn Bore near Gloucester. Even
before I was passed by the bloated body of a sheep which had been in the
water so long it had lost all its wool, and for a moment I feared it
might be human.

Oh, and, by the way, is it true that surfers and kayakers in sufficient
numbers actually /break down/ a bore?

"I don't mean to be boring," he said eagrely.

Signature

Mike.

Pat Durkin - 12 Jan 2009 19:34 GMT
> [...]
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
> "I don't mean to be boring," he said eagrely.

Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly
Hatunen - 12 Jan 2009 21:02 GMT
>> [...]
>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
>Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly

Surely you mean it doesn't auger well.

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

Adam Funk - 12 Jan 2009 22:25 GMT
>>Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly
>
> Surely you mean it doesn't auger well.

Is this a real alarm, or just a drill?

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pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: beable beable beable; respondebat
illa: doidy doidy doidy.                                   [plorkwort]

Roland Hutchinson - 12 Jan 2009 23:43 GMT
>>>Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly
>>
>> Surely you mean it doesn't auger well.
>
> Is this a real alarm, or just a drill?

<bravo!>

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Mike Lyle - 13 Jan 2009 00:37 GMT
>>>> Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
> <bravo!>

"Another clap!" he laughed infectiously.

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Mike.

R H Draney - 13 Jan 2009 00:26 GMT
Adam Funk filted:

>>>Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly
>>
>> Surely you mean it doesn't auger well.
>
>Is this a real alarm, or just a drill?

Merely a caution of the possible presence of a tocsin....r

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"You got Schadenfreude on my Weltanschauung!"
"You got Weltanschauung in my Schadenfreude!"

Wood Avens - 13 Jan 2009 09:26 GMT
>Adam Funk filted:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>
>Merely a caution of the possible presence of a tocsin....r

That sounds a bit off, she muttered venomousy.

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Katy Jennison

spamtrap: remove the first two letters after the @

Robin Bignall - 12 Jan 2009 22:28 GMT
>> [...]
>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>
>Oh, this doesn't augur well, he said boringly

"I bring glad tidings", he said, with gravity.
Signature

Robin
(BrE)
Herts, England

Peter Bennett - 12 Jan 2009 02:26 GMT
>Susan and I have undertaken the project of walking the River Wharfe in
>stages, 3 or 4 miles at a time, from its source in the Yorkshire Dales to
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>
>Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.

"Mean High Water" is the mean (a form of average) of all the high
tides averaged over 19 years (I think that's the full tidal cycle).

Mean High Water is likely the level above which heights of things
ashore, and clearance under bridges, etc. are measured.

You may want to consult a nautical chart for further information.

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Peter Bennett, VE7CEI  
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Chuck Riggs - 12 Jan 2009 15:51 GMT
>>Susan and I have undertaken the project of walking the River Wharfe in
>>stages, 3 or 4 miles at a time, from its source in the Yorkshire Dales to
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
>
>You may want to consult a nautical chart for further information.

Unfortunately for the boater, a chart does not spell out the dynamic
changes to river levels, day by day. Other means are available to him,
one being local newspaper reports, another being books and magazines
that specialize in white water canoeing. They give the boater a good
idea of seasonal variation for various rivers, streams and bays. A
third source of information is local knowledge and a fourth is your
own eyewitness readings of river levels at the boat launching point,
if nowhere else.
"Mean high water" means the average high water line you can expect on
a particular date, for whatever the reason, not simply waterline
changes due to tidal movement. I'm not familiar with the River Wharfe,
but for most rivers, rainfall into contributory streams is the major
factor, not tidal motion.
Signature


Regards,

Chuck Riggs
Near Dublin, Ireland

Richard Chambers - 12 Jan 2009 17:51 GMT
>>Richard Chambers originally asked:-
>>
[quoted text clipped - 51 lines]
> but for most rivers, rainfall into contributory streams is the major
> factor, not tidal motion.

Not just you Charles, but all the others who have responded to this
question, seem (if I have interpreted them correctly) to have mis-read or
misunderstood the question. If everybody has misunderstood, it must be my
fault, not theirs. So I shall try again.

The map simply marks a position on the river, some 30 miles inland, with the
legend "Mean High Water". It does not say, for example, "Mean High Water =
1.5 metres". So all the definitions based on the difference of vertical
height between "Mean Sea Level[1]" and "High Tide", averaged over 19 years,
are irrelevant or inappropriate to the information the map is displaying.
Vertical height differences are of interest to the oceanologist, but
evidently are not of interest to the cartographer who prepared this map.
[1] The mean of the height of the sea at low tide and at high tide. This
definition of "Mean Sea Level", according to the glossary on my map, is the
base from which all subsequent contour heights are measued.

The replies that I have received have at least stimulated me to think more
deeply about the problem. Here is the idea I have come up with:-
In the larger estuary, the dominant flow will be caused by the tides. When
the adjacent sea is rising due to the tide, the major flow of water into the
estuary will be from the sea into the estuary. This flow will overwhelm the
flow of water from the river into the estuary. Hence, as far as the river is
concerned, there will be a back-flow of water into the estuary when this
happens.

If we go to a point well upstream in the river, well away from the coast,
there will never be a back-flow of water at this point in the river,
whatever the state of the tide. The river at this point is too high up to be
affected by the tides.

Would it be correct for me to assume that the point marked "Mean High Water"
on the map is the most downstream position in the river where there is no
tidal back-flow, under average tidal conditions?
(i.e. neither neap nor spring tide, but the 19-year average).

Because of the flow of water in the river, I would (intuitively) not expect
the water to become saline, even for part of the day, at the "Mean High
Water" point (assuming I have correctly guessed what that is). Is there a
name for most downstream point of the river where the water never becomes
saline, even at a Spring Tide?

Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 12 Jan 2009 18:38 GMT
>>>Richard Chambers originally asked:-
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 92 lines]
>name for most downstream point of the river where the water never becomes
>saline, even at a Spring Tide?

Googling >define: Mean High Water< finds a number of definitions including:
http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/SARR/AWC/index.cfm/FA/defs.definitions

   "Mean high water" means a tidal datum used in referring to tidelands or
   the tidally affected portion of the stream, that is equal to the average
   of all high tides over a 19-year Metonic cycle, as established by the
   National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
   Administration.

This says something similar:
http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=m&p=17

   mean high water—The average level of all high waters at a place over a
   19-year period.

Perhaps the point on the map is at (approximately) Mean High Water level.
There may well be a physical marker there showing the level.

Signature

Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Paul Wolff - 12 Jan 2009 19:06 GMT
>>>Richard Chambers originally asked:-
>>>>
>>>>The Ordnance Survey 2.5-inch map marks a feature of the river with the
>>>>legend "Mean High Water".

>If everybody has misunderstood, it must be my
>fault, not theirs. So I shall try again.
>
>The map simply marks a position on the river, some 30 miles inland, with the
>legend "Mean High Water".

What sort of mark is it?  Does the map show the river having breadth
there, or is it just a thin blue line?

If the river has breadth, I'd want to know if the mark specifically
indicates a point on one or both sides of the riverbank, or in the
river.

Generally, the OS 1:25 000 maps (at least, the Explorer series) show MHW
as a line, not a point, along the boundary between dry land and mud or
sand -- foreshore, if you like -- on either side of the blue ribbon that
shows the river at Mean Low Water.

But when I read of a "feature" and a "position" marked MHW, then I don't
visualise the feature as a continuous shoreline.

Without further information, I'd reason that river height in Tadcaster,
thirty miles from the estuary, is variable from season to season and
according to the past week's precipitation, so the mark is unlikely to
be related to the water height in the river.  More likely, it points out
where the land height equals mean high water at sea.  I doubt if the OS
measures river bed heights above sea level.  But river banks go up and
down.

Can it mean a point at which the river would no longer burst its banks
if the sea were held at high tide long enough for the back flow upriver
to cease?  But why would the OS bother with that? They already mark the
Normal Tidal Limit as NTL.  Can you check how far away your MHW feature
is from the NTL?

>The replies that I have received have at least stimulated me to think more
>deeply about the problem. Here is the idea I have come up with:-
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>tidal back-flow, under average tidal conditions?
> (i.e. neither neap nor spring tide, but the 19-year average).

That is the point that should be marked NTL.  It should be lower than
MHW if the river is long, narrow and slow, because of the tide's turning
and ebbing before the flood tide flow has travelled right up to its
potential farthest point.  Or so I reason, from the idea that the last
few inches of tidal rise are going to take a very long time indeed to
drive water 30 miles up a narrow channel.  But the ebb may take nearly
as long to catch up, I suppose.

>Because of the flow of water in the river, I would (intuitively) not expect
>the water to become saline, even for part of the day, at the "Mean High
>Water" point (assuming I have correctly guessed what that is). Is there a
>name for most downstream point of the river where the water never becomes
>saline, even at a Spring Tide?

Pass.
Signature

Paul

Hatunen - 12 Jan 2009 21:00 GMT
>>>>Richard Chambers originally asked:-
>>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
>But when I read of a "feature" and a "position" marked MHW, then I don't
>visualise the feature as a continuous shoreline.

Could it be that it simply means the map, as drawn, is drawn as
if the water were at MHW?

Signature

  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

Paul Wolff - 12 Jan 2009 22:33 GMT
>On Mon, 12 Jan 2009 19:06:47 +0000, Paul Wolff
><bounceme@two.wolff.co.uk> wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 27 lines]
>Could it be that it simply means the map, as drawn, is drawn as
>if the water were at MHW?

I had an OS Explorer series 1:25 000 map before me as I typed, but not
for Tadcaster.  The Isle of Wight it was, actually.

The Wight map was drawn with rivers at MLW.  Then there was a tasteful
mud-coloured band on either side up to the line marked MHW.  Said
mud-coloured band tended to end at NTL.
Signature

Paul

Richard Chambers - 13 Jan 2009 16:00 GMT
>  < ... >
> Can it mean a point at which the river would no longer burst its banks if
> the sea were held at high tide long enough for the back flow upriver to
> cease?  But why would the OS bother with that? They already mark the
> Normal Tidal Limit as NTL.  Can you check how far away your MHW feature is
> from the NTL?
-----------------------------
On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of the
two rivers. The NTL is marked a further 5km *upstream*, at Naburn Lock. This
is near the village of Naburn, and is about 7 km south of the southern
outskirts of York. There is a weir at this point in the river, so the tidal
limit is man-made, not natural, at this point.

The interesting thing about this is that the NTL is upstream from the MHW,
contrary to your conjecture later in your posting.

On the River Wharfe, there is a "MHW" marked at approximately 1km (as the
crow flies) or 2 km (as the river meanders) upstream from its confluence
with the Ouse. I cannot find a "NTL" associated with this marked point. I
suspect that there might be a cartographical error, because there is a
second "MHW" marked a further 5 km upstream on the same river, near the
village of Ulleskelf. The associated "NTL" is a further 1 km upstream.

The reason why I think there may be a cartographical error is simply a
matter of logic. By definition, there can be only one MHW per river.

To get back on topic (but only briefly and in passing, I hope) should I
write < a "MHW" >  or < an "MHW" >?
---------------------------------------
< ... >

>>Would it be correct for me to assume that the point marked "Mean High
>>Water"
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> miles up a narrow channel.  But the ebb may take nearly as long to catch
> up, I suppose.
----------------------------------------
It is a little known fact that the Humber Estuary (into which the Ouse
flows) has a tidal bore, very much the little brother of the Severn Bore,
but nevertheless of appreciable height. This might affect your conjecture,
and place the NTL upstream of the MHW.
----------------------------------------

Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.
Jonathan Morton - 13 Jan 2009 21:31 GMT
> On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
> is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> The interesting thing about this is that the NTL is upstream from the MHW,
> contrary to your conjecture later in your posting.

No, that is quite logical and correct. The MHW is the *mean* of high tides,
but the NTL (Normal Tidal Limit) is the point to which the highest *spring*
tides flow - so it will be higher than the MHW.

You should also find on your OS (both 1:25,000 and 1:50,000) that the lines
at the edge of the river are darker and thicker on the tidal sections. The
distinction isn't immediately obvious but it will be if you look either side
of the NTL.

Regards

Jonathan
Paul Wolff - 13 Jan 2009 22:53 GMT
>"Richard Chambers" <richard.chambers7_NoSpam_@ntlworld.net> wrote in message
>news:IbudnQhkrdopJ_HUnZ2dnUVZ8r2dnZ2d@posted.plusnet...
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>distinction isn't immediately obvious but it will be if you look either side
>of the NTL.

It had not occurred to me until I read this that MHW might be a local
measure.  I had assumed that it was fixed at the coast.  But of course
local is what matters in a map.
Signature

Paul

Jonathan Morton - 14 Jan 2009 21:31 GMT
>>You should also find on your OS (both 1:25,000 and 1:50,000) that the
>>lines
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> measure.  I had assumed that it was fixed at the coast.  But of course
> local is what matters in a map.

MHW is, in effect, a line which runs all the way round the coast. When it
reaches a river estuary it turns up the river until it reaches the mean high
water mark of tides, at which point it crosses to the other bank and runs
back down to the coast.

Regards

Jonathan
Irwell - 13 Jan 2009 23:10 GMT
>> On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
>> is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>
> Jonathan

Is Teddington a 'Tide ending town' or is it called after a man named
'Tuda'?
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 13 Jan 2009 23:28 GMT
>>> On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
>>> is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
>Is Teddington a 'Tide ending town' or is it called after a man named
>'Tuda'?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddington

   The name 'Teddington' derives from an Old English tribal leader, and it
   was known in Saxon and Norman times as Todyngton and Tutington.[2] The
   name does not derive from 'Tide's End Town', as claimed by Rudyard Kipling
   among others.

   [2] John Sheaf, Ken Howe: Hampton and Teddington Past, Historical
   Publications, October 1995 ISBN 0-948667-25-7 page 9

That's Teddington, Greater London. There is also Teddington, Gloucestershire:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddington,_Gloucestershire

   Teddington was rumoured to have been founded by a traveller who was fond
   of making drinks. He wanted to open a pub in an area of flourishing
   population so that he would get lots of business. Finally he sought out a
   town but with very little people, but still he decided to stay and ask if
   the people there would help him build his tavern. The inhabitants agreed
   and they built the bar. After the structure was completed the people
   thought that it was such a magnificent building that they named the
   area, Teddington – as was the mans last name- and the name of the
   pub, Teddington Hands as it had been made from scratch with the makers’
   bare hands. Of course there are thousands of rumours and stories of how it
   was founded but this is one of the most believeable. However the
   Teddington Hands Inn was originally known as The Cross hands Inn and the
   name change only took place in the late 1980s after construction of the
   Teddington Hands Roundabout which realigned the Stow Road away from the
   side of the premises due to a high volume of serious road traffic
   accidents. The area gets its name from the historic fingerpost which
   formerly stood at the crossroads but now stands adjacent to the entrance
   to the pub. The finger post is a listed structure.

The article also says:

   The village has a population of less than 300, of which the majority are
   professional commuters and elderly pensioners.

What, I wonder, is the difference between a professional commuter and an
amateur commuter?

Signature

Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Adam Funk - 14 Jan 2009 20:27 GMT
> That's Teddington, Greater London. There is also Teddington, Gloucestershire:
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddington,_Gloucestershire
...
> The article also says:
>
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> What, I wonder, is the difference between a professional commuter and an
> amateur commuter?

Amateur commuters do it for sport; once they get paid, they change
status.

Signature

In Karhide king and kyorremy have a good deal of control over what
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Irwell - 14 Jan 2009 22:04 GMT
>>>> On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
>>>> is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of
[quoted text clipped - 61 lines]
> What, I wonder, is the difference between a professional commuter and an
> amateur commuter?

Or the difference between an elderly pensioner and a young pensioner.
Robert Bannister - 14 Jan 2009 23:06 GMT
>     The name 'Teddington' derives from an Old English tribal leader, and it
>     was known in Saxon and Norman times as Todyngton and Tutington.

So, that old King Tut got around a bit.
Signature


Rob Bannister

Mike Lyle - 13 Jan 2009 23:29 GMT
[...]

> Is Teddington a 'Tide ending town' or is it called after a man named
> 'Tuda'?

"If you've seen one Teddington, you've seen the lot," said Tuda weirily.

Signature

Mike.

Paul Wolff - 13 Jan 2009 23:33 GMT
>On Tue, 13 Jan 2009 21:31:35 -0000, Jonathan Morton wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>Is Teddington a 'Tide ending town' or is it called after a man named
>'Tuda'?

Yes, Henry Tuda.  A man with an ego the size of nearby Hampton Wick,
with which he went a-courting.
Signature

Paul

Nick Spalding - 14 Jan 2009 12:20 GMT
Irwell wrote, in <byh1t8itlqwu.1vz8iez9vbn7.dlg@40tude.net>
on Tue, 13 Jan 2009 15:10:24 -0800:

> >> On the River Ouse (the major river, into which the Wharfe flows) the "MHW"
> >> is marked at  a point approximately 5 km upstream from the confluence of
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
> Is Teddington a 'Tide ending town' or is it called after a man named
> 'Tuda'?

The tide didn't end there until the lock and weir were built.
Signature

Nick Spalding
BrE/IrE

Paul Wolff - 13 Jan 2009 23:26 GMT
>>  < ... >
>> Can it mean a point at which the river would no longer burst its banks if
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
>The interesting thing about this is that the NTL is upstream from the MHW,
>contrary to your conjecture later in your posting.

I don't mind at all.  How else to learn?

>On the River Wharfe, there is a "MHW" marked at approximately 1km (as the
>crow flies) or 2 km (as the river meanders) upstream from its confluence
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>The reason why I think there may be a cartographical error is simply a
>matter of logic. By definition, there can be only one MHW per river.

That seems to make sense, but I am uneasy still about MHW being a point
in the river.  I want it to be extensive, and marked along the banks.
Are you sure that it isn't just a repeated label to a continuous line?
The way the height designation numerals are repeated at intervals along
contour lines?

>To get back on topic (but only briefly and in passing, I hope) should I
>write < a "MHW" >  or < an "MHW" >?

So long as you put it in inverted commas, it takes an 'an'.  That's my
vote, anyway.

>>>Would it be correct for me to assume that the point marked "Mean High
>>>Water"
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>>
>> That is the point that should be marked NTL.  It should be lower than MHW

Lower than coastal MHW is what I was thinking at the time.

>> if the river is long, narrow and slow, because of the tide's turning and
>> ebbing before the flood tide flow has travelled right up to its potential
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
>and place the NTL upstream of the MHW.
>----------------------------------------

Bores are an added complication, because I can envisage the slug of
water overshooting the elevation (altitude) corresponding to MHW at the
coast.  Presumably a long, tapering estuary has the effect of
accelerating the water on a rising tide.  I imagine stepping on to a
tube of toothpaste with the cap off, or more accurately, dispensing
mastic through a tapering delivery nozzle. Considering the water, a
large mass entering the mouth of a wide channel at slow speed is
translated into the same mass (perforce) shooting up the narrowing
channel at a range of speeds, all higher.  Where the inherently greater
momentum comes from, I can't say.  Shouldn't it be conserved?  Maybe the
greater momentum of the faster water up the river is offset by the lost
momentum of the water in the estuary that doesn't actually go anywhere
else, or, as we say in the trade, "stops".

So this bolus of water thrown up a suitably narrowing river may well
travel beyond coastal MHW.
Signature

Paul

Richard Chambers - 14 Jan 2009 00:12 GMT
> Bores are an added complication, because I can envisage the slug of water
> overshooting the elevation (altitude) corresponding to MHW at the coast.
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> actually go anywhere else, or, as we say in the trade, "stops".
>  < ... >

The tide is more akin to a sound wave than to a surface wave on the sea, and
travels at 700 to 1000 mph around the earth. Conventional sound waves travel
at a similar speed through sea water.

The moon, which causes the tide, performs a rotation around the earth once
every 28 days. Underneath this moon, the earth rotates at one revolution per
24-hour day. To a reasonable first-degree approximation, we can therefore
neglect the slow 28-day motion of the moon, and think only of the spin of
the earth under a nearly-stationary moon.

The circumference of the earth at the equator is 24,000 miles. If the peak
of the tide is to remain under the moon, the tide must travel at
approximately 1000 mph around the equator. Approximately 700 mph at latitude
45 degrees.

It is this speed that provides the momentum you are asking about. As the
tide enters the estuary, the gently shelving sea-bed and the shallower water
converts the tide-wave into a surface wave. Hence, a bore is formed. The
recent tsunami in Thailand/Indonesia/Sri Lanka etc was formed by a similar
process.

Do not, however, confuse the speed of the wave with the speed of any part of
the water. No part of the ocean moves at 1000 mph, but the tidal wave does
move at that speed. In a similar way, when you speak the sound waves you
produce go forward at 650 mph, but the air leaving your lips might well move
at only 1 mph.

Richard Chambers       Leeds   UK.
Paul Wolff - 14 Jan 2009 00:32 GMT
>Paul Wolff wrote
>>
[quoted text clipped - 35 lines]
>Do not, however, confuse the speed of the wave with the speed of any part of
>the water.

A well-placed reminder.  But, there's a but.  I have this idea that the
water level behind a bore is higher than the level before it.

>No part of the ocean moves at 1000 mph, but the tidal wave does
>move at that speed. In a similar way, when you speak the sound waves you
>produce go forward at 650 mph, but the air leaving your lips might well move
>at only 1 mph.

Pffui.

(That's an experiment, not a judgement.)
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Paul

Garrett Wollman - 14 Jan 2009 06:13 GMT
>Presumably a long, tapering estuary has the effect of accelerating
>the water on a rising tide.

Hydraulic damming, innit?  Same process as made the Columbia River
Gorge and the Grand Coulee....

>So this bolus of water thrown up a suitably narrowing river may well
>travel beyond coastal MHW.

[giggle]

-GAWollman
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Garrett A. Wollman   | The real tragedy of human existence is not that we are
wollman@csail.mit.edu| nasty by nature, but that a cruel structural asymmetry
Opinions not those   | grants to rare events of meanness such power to shape
of MIT or CSAIL.     | our history. - S.J. Gould, Ten Thousand Acts of Kindness

jgharston - 14 Jan 2009 12:25 GMT
Mean High Water is a line connecting points along the coast where
the level of the high tides averaged over the tidal cycle reaches.
On OS maps it is shown as a thick line.

The Normal Tidal Limit is the point on a river below which there
is a tidal range and above which there is no tidal range. This is
shown on OS maps by the thick line showing Mean High Water ending
change changing to a thin line.

See:
http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=488810&y=509071&z=120&sv=488810,509071&st=4
&ar=y&mapp=map.srf&searchp=ids.srf&dn=895&ax=488810&ay=509071&lm=0

Paul Wolff - 14 Jan 2009 15:24 GMT
>Mean High Water is a line connecting points along the coast where
>the level of the high tides averaged over the tidal cycle reaches.
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>071&st=4&ar=y&mapp=map.srf&searchp=ids.srf&dn=895&ax=488810&ay=509071&lm
>=0

That's quite handy.  But perhaps it only applies to the 1:50 000 maps.
The 1:25 000 sheet that I was looking at doesn't show a solid black line
for MHW unless it's the edge of a solid structure like a concrete jetty,
a quay or a fortification.

And MHW does seem to extend up rivers, so the line is not strictly
limited to the (sea) coast.
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Paul

jgharston - 15 Jan 2009 14:35 GMT
> That's quite handy.  But perhaps it only applies to the 1:50 000 maps.
> The 1:25 000 sheet that I was looking at doesn't show a solid black line
> for MHW unless it's the edge of a solid structure like a concrete jetty,

The 1:25,000 uses a solid blue line for MHW and a change from coastal
feature (eg mud, sand, etc) to water for MLW.

> And MHW does seem to extend up rivers, so the line is not strictly
> limited to the (sea) coast.

"Coast" is that part of an island's geography that has a tidal range.
London is on the coast, as is Ruswarp in the above link.

--
JGH
Paul Wolff - 15 Jan 2009 19:13 GMT
>Paul Wolff wrote:
>> That's quite handy.  But perhaps it only applies to the 1:50 000 maps.
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
>"Coast" is that part of an island's geography that has a tidal range.
>London is on the coast, as is Ruswarp in the above link.

I'm not sure that I agree at all.  Some geographer may have declared it
so, but general English usage would not accept that Richmond-upon-Thames
was a coastal town.  Nor would I give that honour to Newport IoW:

<http://www.multimap.com/maps/?qs=newport+isle+of+wight&countryCode=GB#ma
p=50.6995,-1.29323|11|4&bd=useful_information&loc=GB:50.6995:-1.29323:14|
newport%20isle%20of%20wight|Newport,%20Newport%20and%20Ryde,%20Isle%20Of%
20Wight,%20England,%20PO30%201>

or possibly more conveniently: <http://tinyurl.com/9gcpbv>
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Paul

Nick - 14 Jan 2009 20:20 GMT
> It is a little known fact that the Humber Estuary (into which the Ouse
> flows) has a tidal bore, very much the little brother of the Severn Bore,
> but nevertheless of appreciable height. This might affect your conjecture,
> and place the NTL upstream of the MHW.

Not that little known - it continues up the Trent in particular and was
the subject of a particularly painful pun by - I think - Mike Lyle a few
days ago.

Another "interesting" fact about the Ouse is that it has neither a
source nor a mouth.   It starts where the River Ure merges with the Ouse
Gill Beck, and ends where the Ouse and the Trent merge to form the Humber.
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Online waterways route planner: http://canalplan.org.uk
          development version: http://canalplan.eu

Paul Wolff - 14 Jan 2009 20:42 GMT
>"Richard Chambers" <richard.chambers7_NoSpam_@ntlworld.net> writes:
>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>source nor a mouth.   It starts where the River Ure merges with the Ouse
>Gill Beck, and ends where the Ouse and the Trent merge to form the Humber.

But it does have another incarnation in Sussex.  It is to be commended
for finding a way from the High Weald to the sea through the South Downs
without a map.

I write as one who has been thrown into the Sussex Ouse, thrown others
in, forded it, fallen in it, raced along it, bridged it, been flooded by
it, and generally had an intimate relationship with it. Such are one's
schooldays.  Character-building, y'know.
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Paul

HVS - 14 Jan 2009 20:54 GMT
On 14 Jan 2009, Paul Wolff wrote

>> "Richard Chambers" <richard.chambers7_NoSpam_@ntlworld.net>
>> writes:
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
> commended for finding a way from the High Weald to the sea
> through the South Downs without a map.

It has to detour through East Anglia to get there, though.

Signature

Cheers, Harvey
CanEng and BrEng, indiscriminately mixed

Paul Wolff - 14 Jan 2009 21:11 GMT
>On 14 Jan 2009, Paul Wolff wrote
>
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
>
>It has to detour through East Anglia to get there, though.

The Ur-Thames did that, before it invented the Goring Gap.
Signature

Paul

Irwell - 14 Jan 2009 22:06 GMT
>>"Richard Chambers" <richard.chambers7_NoSpam_@ntlworld.net> writes:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
> it, and generally had an intimate relationship with it. Such are one's
> schooldays.  Character-building, y'know.

Sung to the tune of 'The old ash grove'?
Paul Wolff - 14 Jan 2009 22:40 GMT
>On Wed, 14 Jan 2009 20:42:33 +0000, Paul Wolff wrote:
>
[quoted text clipped - 23 lines]
>
>Sung to the tune of 'The old ash grove'?

Streamlets meandered and I pensively roved; but otherwise I'm whooshed.
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Paul

 
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