Licenced to sell
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Ed Cryer - 24 Sep 2009 13:01 GMT There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to sell animals". That should be "licensed". One has a licence, but one is licensed. Similarly one can practise, but one has a practice. However, one exercises and takes exercise.
I thought I might be able to find the reasons for all that in Latin, but I can't. Nor in French.
Does anybody know the reason?
Ed
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 24 Sep 2009 14:04 GMT >There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to >sell animals". >That should be "licensed". >One has a licence, but one is licensed. Ah, but... "licenced" can also mean issued with a licence.
The difference between "licensed" and "licenced" is similar to that between "certified" and "certificated".
Also the verb has the alternative spellings "license" and "licence". The latter is the earlier.
That is in the UK. In the US, the nound is "license", and "licensed" means both "been given permission" and "issued with a license".
>Similarly one can practise, but one has a practice. >However, one exercises and takes exercise. [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > >Does anybody know the reason? The OED's comment on the spelling in the article on the noun "licence" is:
The spelling license, though still often met with, has no justification in the case of the n. In the case of the vb., on the other hand, although the spelling licence is etymologically unobjectionable, license is supported by the analogy of the rule universally adopted in the similar pairs of related words, practice n., practise vb., prophecy n., prophesy vb. (The rule seems to have arisen from imitation of the spelling of pairs like advice n., advise vb., which expresses a phonetic distinction of historical origin.) A slight argument for preferring the s form in the vb. may be found in the existence of the derivatives licensable and licensure (U.S.) which could not conveniently be spelt otherwise. Johnson and Todd give only the form license both for the n. and the vb., but the spelling of their quots. conforms, with one exception, to the rule above referred to, which is recognized by Smart (1836), and seems to represent the now prevailing usage. Late 19th-c. Dicts., however, almost universally have license both for n. and vb., either without alternative or in the first place.
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Steve Hayes - 24 Sep 2009 18:44 GMT >There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to >sell animals". [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > >Does anybody know the reason? Makes it easier to tell when its a noun and when its a verb, at least in writing, since they are pronounced the same.
There are differnt pronunciations, however, for
advise and advice prophesy and prophecy
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Ed Cryer - 24 Sep 2009 19:30 GMT >>There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced >>to [quoted text clipped - 18 lines] > advise and advice > prophesy and prophecy There's a whole set of words which can be either noun or verb, differentiated by where the stress comes; first syllable for noun, second for verb. Some examples; contact convert advert abstract exploit increase reject
Ed
Nick Spalding - 24 Sep 2009 20:26 GMT Ed Cryer wrote, in <h9gdtr$ddj$1@news.eternal-september.org> on Thu, 24 Sep 2009 19:30:01 +0100:
> >>There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced > >>to [quoted text clipped - 24 lines] > Some examples; > contact Both first syllable in MyE
> convert > advert Ok for the verb, the noun is an abomination
> abstract > exploit > increase > reject  Signature Nick Spalding BrE/IrE
Richard Chambers - 24 Sep 2009 21:19 GMT > There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to > sell animals". [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > Does anybody know the reason? The reason for this is that the English language is full of this sort of nonsense.
Can anybody explain why "four" and "fourteen" both have a "u", but "forty" does not?
English is an elitist language, with the rules of spelling determined by a self-appointed elite operating from universities and from the Oxford University Press, abetted by Webster's. "I can spell, and you can not. Therefore, I am the elite, and you are the hoi-poloi". That seems to be the attitude. By this means, the self-appointed elite can maintain their position in society, on the basis of a petty ephemera, throughout the English-speaking world.
This is the fault of the elitist Samuel Johnson, who decided that spellings should be based upon the linguistic source of the word. Words derived from the Greek, Latin, French and Saxon sources therefore have different rules of spelling. The result is a non-phonetic chaos of spelling, the only justification being elitism. "I am a polymath familiar with Greek and Latin, not to mention Lower Saxon. You are not".
With all these obstacles thrown in the path of young children learning to read and write, it is not surprising that so many of them, at the lower end of the intelligence scale, fail. Britain, and other countries of the English-speaking world, have relatively high rates of illiteracy compared with other countries of the developed world. Countries that have phonetic spellings (such as Spain and Germany) have lower rates of illiteracy. This is the social cost of our elitism.
Richard Chambers Leeds UK.
Bertel Lund Hansen - 24 Sep 2009 21:37 GMT Richard Chambers skrev:
> This is the fault of the elitist Samuel Johnson, who decided that spellings > should be based upon the linguistic source of the word. Words derived from > the Greek, Latin, French and Saxon sources therefore have different rules of > spelling. The result is a non-phonetic chaos of spelling, the only > justification being elitism. "I am a polymath familiar with Greek and Latin, > not to mention Lower Saxon. You are not". Danish is not quite as bad as English in this respect, but close - and we spell as we do for the same linguistic reasons that you mention. I am not sure that it is an elite attitude. The protests regarding minuscule changes in the spelling (we have a board that defines correct spelling - usually making things easier) produces protests from many different people.
The most funny ones are those defending a spelling they do not themselves master in their protest.
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Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 24 Sep 2009 22:02 GMT >> There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to >> sell animals". [quoted text clipped - 36 lines] >spellings (such as Spain and Germany) have lower rates of illiteracy. This >is the social cost of our elitism. Which dialect would you choose to be The One whose pronunciation will the basis of the phonetic spelling?
 Signature Peter Duncanson, UK (in alt.usage.english)
James Hogg - 24 Sep 2009 22:16 GMT Quoth "Peter Duncanson (BrE)" <mail@peterduncanson.net>, and I quote:
>>> There's a pet store near us, and on the wall it has a sign "Licenced to >>> sell animals". [quoted text clipped - 39 lines] >Which dialect would you choose to be The One whose pronunciation will >the basis of the phonetic spelling? That's a very good question. If they choose my non-elite dialect there will continue to be a difference between "four/fourteen" and "forty", reflecting two different vowel sounds.
 Signature James (BrE with a distinctly septentrional flavour)
Richard Chambers - 24 Sep 2009 22:53 GMT Peter Duncanson (BrE) asked [on the issue of phonetic spelling]:-
> Which dialect would you choose to be The One whose pronunciation will > the basis of the phonetic spelling? I find this to be a very tired argument, which is always brought up in defence of the status quo. The Spanish language has phonetic spelling, yet there are wide differences of regional pronunciation across Spain and in Latin America. The issue presents no real problem for speakers of Spanish.
I can understand without difficulty any mainstream speaker from any of the four constituent countries of the UK, and from the Irish Republic. By a "mainstream" Scottish accent (for example), I mean an accent that everybody from Scotland can understand. If most Scots can understand it, then so can I.
In the same terms, I can understand all mainstream speakers from the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and most Commonwealth countries.
I would therefore propose a mainstream USA accent as the standard for phonetic spelling, on the grounds that America, with a population five times that of the UK, is the largest single block of English speakers. I might even propose the accent of President Obama as the standard for phonetic spelling. Everybody can clearly hear every word that he says.
This does not mean that I would expect the spoken word in Britain and Australia to change into Obama English. We (in Britain) would have to learn a few non-phonetic spellings, such as Norleens (=New Orleans). In the written language we would buy a "noo pair uv shoos", but in the spoken language we would still buy "a nyoo pair uv shoos".
Therefore, for non-USAmericans, we would still need to learn a small number of non-phonetic spellings. This number would be much less than that of the complicated non-phonetic spelling system we currently use.
Richard Chambers Leeds UK.
Bertel Lund Hansen - 24 Sep 2009 23:08 GMT Richard Chambers skrev:
> > Which dialect would you choose to be The One whose pronunciation will > > the basis of the phonetic spelling?
> I find this to be a very tired argument, which is always brought up in > defence of the status quo. Maybe one doesn't defend anything but merely wants to point out what a difficulty the choice will present. Not that I don't agree with your reasoning and choice, but judging from the trouble small changes in spelling provoke in some countries that I know about, you will never convince the whole world to follow a revised spelling.
> The Spanish language has phonetic spelling, yet > there are wide differences of regional pronunciation across Spain and in > Latin America. The issue presents no real problem for speakers of Spanish. Maybe the spelling was phonetic before the language split up? That would make a huge difference. I believe that the spelling is pretty much (completely?) unchanged through several centuries.
But it *is* a nice feature with Spanish that one can master the pronunciation within a few months. German is not as strict, but it has far fewer spelling variations than English and Danish.
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Robert Bannister - 25 Sep 2009 02:08 GMT > Richard Chambers skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 22 lines] > pronunciation within a few months. German is not as strict, but > it has far fewer spelling variations than English and Danish. When I started learning German, the only non-phonetically spelt words were a few with French Gs and a couple of English words like "Jazz". Today, there are so many anglicisms, it's not very phonetic at all.
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Guy Barry - 25 Sep 2009 08:01 GMT > When I started learning German, the only non-phonetically spelt words > were a few with French Gs and a couple of English words like "Jazz". Pronounced similarly to English "chess", confusingly...
-- Guy Barry
Bertel Lund Hansen - 25 Sep 2009 09:26 GMT Guy Barry skrev:
> > were a few with French Gs and a couple of English words like "Jazz".
> Pronounced similarly to English "chess", confusingly... German has only two a-sounds (a and ä). When pronouncing an English a-sound they choose the closest German sound. That means that they have to choose between "jars" and "jess".
Another similar example is the loan word "captain" which can be heard in English movies. Germans substitute the original soundtrack with German voices. "Captain" is pronounced with the a-sound like in "cape". A bit strange since they have the German word "Kapitän".
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Steve Hayes - 25 Sep 2009 11:33 GMT >Guy Barry skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] >heard in English movies. Germans substitute the original >soundtrack with German voices. Oy! Preposition-word order
Should be: Germans substitute German voices FOR the original soundtrack.
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Reinhold {Rey} Aman - 25 Sep 2009 19:24 GMT [...]
> German has only two a-sounds (a and ä). Nonsense; <ä> is a variant of E = an "open E" (as in _Täter_), not a variant of A.
> When pronouncing an English > a-sound they choose the closest German sound. That means [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > soundtrack with German voices. "Captain" is pronounced with the > a-sound like in "cape". Nonsense; no educated German says "Keyptn" (with a diphthong) but "Käptn" or "Keptn" (with a monophthong); i.e., with an "open E" or a "closed E".
> A bit strange since they have the German word "Kapitän". Irrelevant.
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Bertel Lund Hansen - 25 Sep 2009 21:07 GMT Reinhold {Rey} Aman skrev:
> > soundtrack with German voices. "Captain" is pronounced with the > > a-sound like in "cape".
> Nonsense; Not quite, but my explanation was lacking.
> no educated German says "Keyptn" (with a diphthong) but > "Käptn" or "Keptn" (with a monophthong); i.e., with an "open E" or a > "closed E". Precisely what I meant. I even believe that uneducated Germans do the same.
> > A bit strange since they have the German word "Kapitän".
> Irrelevant. No. Since they translate all the other English words, it would be logical to also translate "captain". I suppose it is a compromise to ease the lipsync.
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Robert Bannister - 26 Sep 2009 00:25 GMT > Reinhold {Rey} Aman skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] > logical to also translate "captain". I suppose it is a compromise > to ease the lipsync. I think something like this occurs in all languages when representing foreigners. Have you noticed how the foreigners all speak perfect [whatever language the book/film uses], but still use their native language for yes, no, Mr, Mrs, etc? - In other words, the words that are kept foreign are the very ones that people first learn, which don't include "captain".
Some modern novels and films do go the other way and give us quite obscure titles and acronyms, especially if they are about Germans in WWII or Russians during the Cold War, but there aren't too many like that.
 Signature Rob Bannister
Roland Hutchinson - 26 Sep 2009 07:04 GMT > Reinhold {Rey} Aman skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 10 lines] > Precisely what I meant. I even believe that uneducated Germans do the > same. /E/ as in "Handy" is another example in a German loan-word.
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Robert Bannister - 26 Sep 2009 00:16 GMT >> When I started learning German, the only non-phonetically spelt words >> were a few with French Gs and a couple of English words like "Jazz". > > Pronounced similarly to English "chess", confusingly... But some of my German friends would jokingly pronounce it "yatz".
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Bertel Lund Hansen - 25 Sep 2009 09:20 GMT Robert Bannister skrev:
> When I started learning German, the only non-phonetically spelt words > were a few with French Gs and a couple of English words like "Jazz". > Today, there are so many anglicisms, it's not very phonetic at all. I read and write in the German language group. The number of anglicisms is not overwhelming.
As a Dane I feel that we are bombarded with English words and expressions - English is a very popular language in Denmark. Nevertheless a count has shown that Danish words accounts for more than 95 % of ordinary Danish texts.
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Jeffrey Turner - 25 Sep 2009 16:29 GMT > Robert Bannister skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > Nevertheless a count has shown that Danish words accounts for > more than 95 % of ordinary Danish texts. I can tell you that if one out of twenty words in anything I read were Danish, I'd be at least confused if not overwhelmed.
--Jeff
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Bertel Lund Hansen - 25 Sep 2009 16:38 GMT Jeffrey Turner skrev:
> > Nevertheless a count has shown that Danish words accounts for > > more than 95 % of ordinary Danish texts.
> I can tell you that if one out of twenty words in anything I read > were Danish, I'd be at least confused if not overwhelmed. If you had been bombarded daily with Danish from you were born, you wouldn't be. English is heard in every Danish home every day. It is taught in school from fourth grade (age 11+).
But the 'non-danish' words I refered to are normal Danish words, only borrowed from a foreign language. Only seldom do completely new English words appear - and then we are probably talking about technical literature.
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Robert Bannister - 26 Sep 2009 00:31 GMT > Robert Bannister skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > Nevertheless a count has shown that Danish words accounts for > more than 95 % of ordinary Danish texts. A Danish friend of mine, who had lived in Australia for over 35 years, told me after his first visit back to Denmark that "they're all speaking German". I think he meant the Danish language had changed since his youth, rather than that the Danes were really speaking German.
English words in German are perhaps subject-related. If you read about computers, pop music or some other specialist field, you can run into a lot of English. I am always amazed how Germans just know which gender to ascribe to newly imported words, although there are things like der/das Poster.
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Bertel Lund Hansen - 26 Sep 2009 11:52 GMT Robert Bannister skrev:
> lot of English. I am always amazed how Germans just know which gender to > ascribe to newly imported words, although there are things like der/das > Poster. They don't just know. In the German language group they sometimes discuss precisely this in connection with different words.
We see the same in Danish. What happens is that we have a period with confusion, and then after some time one gender becomes the most widely used, and gradually this then becomes the correct one.
I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" which has been Danish for some time. Some people associate it with "en tændstik" (a match) and others associate it with "et stik" (an electrical device on the wall to plug into - is this called a point?). At present both genders are correct.
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R H Draney - 26 Sep 2009 19:15 GMT Bertel Lund Hansen filted:
>We see the same in Danish. What happens is that we have a period >with confusion, and then after some time one gender becomes the [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] >stik" (an electrical device on the wall to plug into - is this >called a point?). At present both genders are correct. As is appropriate when joy is involved....r
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Peter Moylan - 27 Sep 2009 01:40 GMT > Bertel Lund Hansen filted: >> We see the same in Danish. What happens is that we have a period [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > > As is appropriate when joy is involved....r I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to wonder whether the same substitution would be impossible in Danish, where the two genders are *not* masculine and feminine.
In the course of writing the above paragraph, I googled to double-check my belief about the Danish grammatical genders. Googling on "Danish gender" turned up a whole lot of articles about the "Danish gender wage gap". Does that mean that neuters are paid less in Denmark?
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Bertel Lund Hansen - 27 Sep 2009 02:44 GMT Peter Moylan skrev:
> I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to > mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to > wonder whether the same substitution would be impossible in Danish, > where the two genders are *not* masculine and feminine. We cannot say "sex" about grammatical gender. "Sex" means "sexual intercourse", but we have a few combinations where it's more neutral, like "unisex" for clothes that can be worn by both men and women (or for bikes).
We have another word that can be used in both a sexual and a grammatical connection, "køn", which is related to "can" (and "gender" in fact, but that is father away). The old, and now forgotten, meaning was that which a man could produce = family, and more general: "Adams køn" = the whole human race.
Today it means human gender, "hankøn" = "male" and "hunkøn" = female. It is not true that we do not have the genders. "Han" = "he" and "hun" = "she", and we have many other pronouns which are masculine or feminine. You are thinking of our substantives that are either fælleskøn (common gender) or intetkøn (nothing gender = neuter).
> In the course of writing the above paragraph, I googled to > double-check my belief about the Danish grammatical genders. > Googling on "Danish gender" turned up a whole lot of articles > about the "Danish gender wage gap". Does that mean that neuters > are paid less in Denmark? No, I think it means that "Danish sex wage gap" might be misunderstood.
Merriam-Webster does not mention grammatical gender under "sex".
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Mark Brader - 27 Sep 2009 03:06 GMT Bertel Hansen:
> We have another word that can be used in both a sexual and a > grammatical connection, "køn", which is related to "can" (and > "gender" in fact, but that is father away). The old, and now > forgotten, meaning was that which a man could produce ... Typo of the day (inside the parentheses).
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Steve Hayes - 27 Sep 2009 05:15 GMT >I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to >mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to >wonder whether the same substitution would be impossible in Danish, >where the two genders are *not* masculine and feminine. It certainly causes great confusion, as in media reports about the "gender" of the athlete Caster Semenya.
Is the quality in question her sex or her gender?
They say she is to undergo "gender" tests, and then describe sex tests.
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annily - 27 Sep 2009 09:29 GMT >> I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to >> mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > They say she is to undergo "gender" tests, and then describe sex tests. What is the difference in your usage, since one of the definitions of "gender" is the same as "sex" anyway?
Steve Hayes - 27 Sep 2009 11:29 GMT >>> I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to >>> mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to [quoted text clipped - 10 lines] >What is the difference in your usage, since one of the definitions of >"gender" is the same as "sex" anyway? In my usage p0ersons have sex and grammatical constructions have gender, but in other people's usage gender is the social construction of sex, as opposed to biological. In the case of Caster Semenya, her gender is not in doubt -- her parents thought she was a girl, brought her up as a girl, and so her gender is not in doubt. Her sex, however, might be.
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annily - 27 Sep 2009 12:02 GMT >>>> I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to >>>> mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > in other people's usage gender is the social construction of sex, as opposed > to biological. Not necessarily here in Australia at least, according to my experience and this quote from the Macquarie Dictionary: ----- A distinction is sometimes made between gender and sex, such that gender refers to socially conditioned characteristics or typical behaviour, and sex to the physical characteristics of men and women. This distinction does not seem to have become widely accepted, however. Some people may prefer gender to sex because of the frequent use of sex in the sense of `sexual intercourse'.
------
Joe Fineman - 27 Sep 2009 22:35 GMT > Not necessarily here in Australia at least, according to my > experience and this quote from the Macquarie Dictionary: [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >however. Some people may prefer gender to sex because of the frequent >use of sex in the sense of `sexual intercourse'. When I was a boy, the genders were masculine, feminine, & neuter, the sexes were male & female, and f.cking was f.cking. I first began hearing & reading "gender" in the sense of sex in the late 1970s (in the U.S.). The motive was pretty clearly the last one mentioned, as stated by W. V. O. Quine in his book _Quiddities_ (1987) s.v. Gender:
The latter-day upheaval in sexual mores has increased the frequency of occasions for referring politely to copulation, and has thus created a demand for a short but equally polite word for the practice. The word _sex_ has been pressed into that service, and thus rendered less convenient as a means of referring to the sexes. The resulting need has been met in turn by calling the sexes _genders_.
IMO, however, another motive was at work here. The same upheaval meant an increase in awareness & approval of sexual activities other than copulation, and "sex" had the additional convenience of including them -- for some speakers. Some of us may recall President Clinton's awkward attempt to take advantage of the resulting ambiguity.
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||: The difference between theory & practice: in theory there is :|| ||: no difference; in practice there is. :|| Nick - 27 Sep 2009 13:48 GMT >>I can never suppress a feeling of irritation when I hear "gender" to >>mean "sex". Yes, I know it's a lost cause. Still, it leads me to [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > > They say she is to undergo "gender" tests, and then describe sex tests. As I ranted on that subject recently, they - as you say - say "she is going to undergo gender tests". Yet in that very statement they've accepted her gender - they've called her "her". I don't think there's any doubt at all that she is of female gender - and in more than just a purely grammatical way.
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Mark Brader - 26 Sep 2009 19:38 GMT Bertel Hansen:
> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" > which has been Danish for some time. Some people associate it > with "en tændstik" (a match) and others associate it with "et > stik" (an electrical device on the wall to plug into - is this > called a point?). "Socket" or "outlet" in North America. It could be preceded by "electrical" (or more informally by "electric") if you want to distinguish it from some other sort of socket or outlet.
I grew up calling it a "plug", which properly refers to the thing you plug into it, but I'm not sure if anyone else does that. The Danish usage reminds me of that.
In Britain I believe it's a "power point", which might be shortened to "point", but I'm ready to be connected. Er, corrected.
Incidentally, the French verb for plugging something into a socket is "brancher". You're branching off the circuit, see?
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Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 26 Sep 2009 19:53 GMT >Bertel Hansen: >> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] >In Britain I believe it's a "power point", which might be shortened >to "point", but I'm ready to be connected. Er, corrected. In Britain "power point" is not unknown but "socket" is much more usual. They are sold to both amateurs and the trade as "sockets": http://www.screwfix.com/cats/A231876/Electrical-Supplies/Switches-Sockets
>Incidentally, the French verb for plugging something into a socket >is "brancher". You're branching off the circuit, see?
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the Omrud - 26 Sep 2009 23:34 GMT >> Bertel Hansen: >>> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > They are sold to both amateurs and the trade as "sockets": > http://www.screwfix.com/cats/A231876/Electrical-Supplies/Switches-Sockets For reasons I've never understood, the electrical trade term for what we all call a "plug" is "plug top".
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annily - 27 Sep 2009 01:50 GMT >> Bertel Hansen: >>> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > They are sold to both amateurs and the trade as "sockets": > http://www.screwfix.com/cats/A231876/Electrical-Supplies/Switches-Sockets Here in Australia "power point" is quite common, at least for old timers like me. I would still understand "socket" or "outlet", though, but I would only use "plug" for the thing that goes into the socket.
HVS - 28 Sep 2009 22:03 GMT On 26 Sep 2009, Peter Duncanson (BrE) wrote
>> In Britain I believe it's a "power point", which might be >> shortened to "point", but I'm ready to be connected. Er, [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > http://www.screwfix.com/cats/A231876/Electrical-Supplies/Switches > -Sockets To be picky (hey: it's what we do here, no?), I'd say that you purchase a "socket", but that once it's installed in the house, it's a "point".
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Peter Moylan - 29 Sep 2009 00:24 GMT > On 26 Sep 2009, Peter Duncanson (BrE) wrote > [quoted text clipped - 11 lines] > purchase a "socket", but that once it's installed in the house, it's > a "point". To me, an electrical engineer, it's a female plug before it's installed, and a power point once it's in place.
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Steve Hayes - 27 Sep 2009 05:17 GMT >"Socket" or "outlet" in North America. It could be preceded by >"electrical" (or more informally by "electric") if you want to [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] >you plug into it, but I'm not sure if anyone else does that. The >Danish usage reminds me of that. I call it a "plug" too.
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Joe Fineman - 27 Sep 2009 22:42 GMT >>"Socket" or "outlet" in North America. It could be preceded by >>"electrical" (or more informally by "electric") if you want to [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > > I call it a "plug" too. When I was little we called it a "plugplace", but I think that was family slang. "Outlet" is what I usually say, tho I would not raise my eyebrows at "socket". Once one gets away from ordinary electric power that comes out of walls, tho, the term for the things on the ends of cables, on the backs of chassis, etc., is "connector" (male or female, as the case may be).
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||: The right to hurt people's feelings is the only right worth :|| ||: having. :|| Maria Conlon - 28 Sep 2009 01:30 GMT >>> "Socket" or "outlet" in North America. It could be preceded by >>> "electrical" (or more informally by "electric") if you want to [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >> >> I call it a "plug" too. I assume you're talking about the thing you plug the plug into. (Right?) Well, for me, it's "socket" or "outlet" or "wall plug," or even, simply, "the wall."
> When I was little we called it a "plugplace", but I think that was > family slang. "Outlet" is what I usually say, tho I would not raise > my eyebrows at "socket". Does anyone call it the "receptor"? It receives things, after all (as well as sends).
> ......Once one gets away from ordinary electric > power that comes out of walls, tho, the term for the things on the > ends of cables, on the backs of chassis, etc., is "connector" (male or > female, as the case may be). As for the "plug" on the end of the cord, could we call it the "power seeker"? (No, it probably couldn't. That name is taken by certain kinds of humans.)
I realize that electrical connections are not my true métier, but the names people choose to call things are always interesting (and maybe even revealing?).
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Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 28 Sep 2009 13:14 GMT >>>> "Socket" or "outlet" in North America. It could be preceded by >>>> "electrical" (or more informally by "electric") if you want to [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] >Does anyone call it the "receptor"? It receives things, after all (as >well as sends). I have met the term "receptacle", of which OED says:
Chiefly U.S. An electrical socket.
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Garrett Wollman - 28 Sep 2009 21:05 GMT >I have met the term "receptacle", of which OED says: > > Chiefly U.S. An electrical socket. I was just about to post that "receptacle" is the official electrician's techspeak. The male connector is called a "plug". Hence the standard electrical socket is the NEMA 5-15R, which will accept a NEMA 5-15P plug. (In commercial buildings in the U.S., the NEMA 5-20R is common, which will accept a 5-15P or a 5-20P, but AIUI this is not allowed in Canada, so the Canadian version of the 5-20R will only accept a 5-20P.) The first number indicates the wiring configuration (5 = 120 V, single-phase with neutral and ground) and the second number indicates the current rating in amperes. (Other common configurations include 6, 208 or 240 V, single-phase, with ground; 10, 208 or 240 V, single-phase, with neutral but ungrounded; 14, 240 V, center-tap single-phase, with neutral and ground; and 21, 240 V, three-phase, with neutral and ground.)
-GAWollman
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John Varela - 28 Sep 2009 16:15 GMT > Once one gets away from ordinary electric > power that comes out of walls, tho, the term for the things on the > ends of cables, on the backs of chassis, etc., is "connector" (male or > female, as the case may be). A connector on the end of a cord is a "plug"; a connector mounted on a surface is a "jack".
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HVS - 28 Sep 2009 22:06 GMT On 26 Sep 2009, Mark Brader wrote
> Bertel Hansen: >> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > I grew up calling it a "plug", which properly refers to the thing > you plug into it, but I'm not sure if anyone else does that. That was definitely what we called the wall thingie when I was a kid in Canada: you plugged the plug into the plug.
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Default User - 28 Sep 2009 23:12 GMT > On 26 Sep 2009, Mark Brader wrote > [quoted text clipped - 14 lines] > That was definitely what we called the wall thingie when I was a kid > in Canada: you plugged the plug into the plug. When I was a lad, it was called a "plug-in" in my family. We had eight children, so I don't know if this was something that common terminology of either of my parent's, or if it something invented as kiddie-talk.
Brian
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Roland Hutchinson - 28 Sep 2009 23:13 GMT > On 26 Sep 2009, Mark Brader wrote > [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > That was definitely what we called the wall thingie when I was a kid in > Canada: you plugged the plug into the plug. It certainly keeps things simple.
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annily - 29 Sep 2009 03:15 GMT >> On 26 Sep 2009, Mark Brader wrote >> [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > > It certainly keeps things simple. But extremely confusing.
HVS - 29 Sep 2009 08:15 GMT On 29 Sep 2009, annily wrote
>>> On 26 Sep 2009, Mark Brader wrote >>> [quoted text clipped - 18 lines] > > But extremely confusing. I don't recall it ever resulting in confusion, though: context is king in these things.
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Skitt - 29 Sep 2009 18:35 GMT >>>> Bertel Hansen:
>>>>> I think we tend to use associations. Take the word "joystick" >>>>> which has been Danish for some time. Some people associate it [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > > But extremely confusing. Naah -- simply confusing.
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Robert Bannister - 25 Sep 2009 02:07 GMT > Peter Duncanson (BrE) asked [on the issue of phonetic spelling]:- > [quoted text clipped - 31 lines] > of non-phonetic spellings. This number would be much less than that of the > complicated non-phonetic spelling system we currently use. Does that mean the letter "o" would have to go and be replaced by "a"? And what about words like "era" that Americans appear to pronounce as "error"?
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Guy Barry - 25 Sep 2009 07:59 GMT > Can anybody explain why "four" and "fourteen" both have a "u", but "forty" > does not? It's particularly anomalous when you consider the pattern "thirteen/thirty", "fifteen/fifty" etc.
Spelling of the ordinals is a particular minefield. It's rarely pointed out that the spelling "eighth" reflects neither the pronunciation nor the derivation - on both grounds it ought to be "eightth", but presumably that was rejected on grounds of its bizarre appearance. (Cf. "Southampton", which really ought to be "Southhampton".)
Then there's "ninth", which has no indication of the long "i", and the notorious "twelfth", which must be one of the most misspelt and mispronounced words in the language. I think there was even a recent proposal to change the spelling to "twelth" to reflect the commonest pronunciation. (It's significant that there appear to be no words rhyming with "fifth", "sixth", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth" and "twelfth" - and "seventh" and "eleventh" only rhyme with each other!)
What I've never understood is why there's an extra syllable in "twentieth", after a vowel where it's not really needed, but not after a consonant which would make the forms far more euphonious and easier to spell. Imagine "fiveth", "sixeth", "seveneth", "eighteth", "nineth", "tenneth", "eleveneth" and "twelveth" - much simpler!
-- Guy Barry
Bertel Lund Hansen - 25 Sep 2009 09:34 GMT Guy Barry skrev:
> > Can anybody explain why "four" and "fourteen" both have a "u", but "forty" > > does not?
> It's particularly anomalous when you consider the pattern "thirteen/thirty", > "fifteen/fifty" etc. James Hogg has already pointed out that the first syllables in "four" and "forteen" are pronounced differently. That is not the case with the corresponding names for the other numbers.
> Spelling of the ordinals is a particular minefield. It's rarely pointed out > that the spelling "eighth" reflects neither the pronunciation nor the > derivation - on both grounds it ought to be "eightth" Not so long ago the German spelling was revised. One of the changes is that e.g. "Schifffahrt" now keeps all three f's. Previously three such consonants were written only as two: "Schiffahrt". The word is composed of two words, "Schiff" and "Fahrt".
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James Hogg - 25 Sep 2009 09:50 GMT Quoth Bertel Lund Hansen <unospamo@lundhansen.dk>, and I quote:
>Guy Barry skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] >"four" and "forteen" are pronounced differently. That is not the >case with the corresponding names for the other numbers. Not quite. I was pointing out that some dialects (at least in Scotland and Ireland) have an open /o/ sound in "four" and "fourteen" and a closed /O/ in "forty" (and "fortnight"). The latter represents a shortening of the vowel some time in the history of English, a change reflected in the standard spelling. The distinction has since been obscured by the effect of the /r/ in most (I think) varieties of English.
>> Spelling of the ordinals is a particular minefield. It's rarely pointed out >> that the spelling "eighth" reflects neither the pronunciation nor the [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >"Schiffahrt". The word is composed of two words, "Schiff" and >"Fahrt".
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Guy Barry - 25 Sep 2009 14:10 GMT > James Hogg has already pointed out that the first syllables in > "four" and "forteen" are pronounced differently. That is not the > case with the corresponding names for the other numbers. I'm afraid that "forteen" is an incorrect spelling - it's "fourteen"! It goes to show how confusing this issue is.
And in my dialect at least, the first syllables of "four", "fourteen" and "forty" are all pronounced the same.
-- Guy Barry
Amethyst Deceiver - 25 Sep 2009 15:29 GMT > Guy Barry skrev: > [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > "four" and "forteen" are pronounced differently. That is not the > case with the corresponding names for the other numbers. In my variety of English there is no difference in pronunciation of the first syllables of 4, 14 and 40. The vowel is the same in all three.
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Jeffrey Turner - 25 Sep 2009 16:38 GMT >> Can anybody explain why "four" and "fourteen" both have a "u", but "forty" >> does not? [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > was rejected on grounds of its bizarre appearance. (Cf. "Southampton", > which really ought to be "Southhampton".) Really? I pronounce eighth "ayth." I don't see where another 't' would befit the pronunciation.
--Jeff
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Guy Barry - 25 Sep 2009 16:55 GMT > > Spelling of the ordinals is a particular minefield. It's rarely pointed out > > that the spelling "eighth" reflects neither the pronunciation nor the [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > Really? I pronounce eighth "ayth." I don't see where another 't' would > befit the pronunciation. Well I've only ever heard /eItT/ , and it's the only pronunciation listed in my dictionary, though some of the online sources give /eIT/ as an alternative. Is it common where you are?
-- Guy Barry
Jeffrey Turner - 26 Sep 2009 01:57 GMT >>> Spelling of the ordinals is a particular minefield. It's rarely pointed > out [quoted text clipped - 9 lines] > my dictionary, though some of the online sources give /eIT/ as an > alternative. Is it common where you are? Dunno. It hardly comes up in conversation, especially since the stock market went to pennies.
--Jeff
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Prai Jei - 26 Sep 2009 13:33 GMT Guy Barry set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time continuum:
> would make the forms far more euphonious and easier to spell. Imagine > "fiveth", "sixeth", "seveneth", "eighteth", "nineth", "tenneth", > "eleveneth" and "twelveth" - much simpler! So why do the Krauts say siebzehn, siebzig, siebte which (presumably) are scrunchings of original siebenzehn, siebenzig, siebente respectively? Similarly a few other ordinals: drei, dritte - and acht, achte by exact analogy with the English.
I'm happy with the correct spellings and never had any great difficulty in spelling or leaning to read. In *my* infants' school days (start of the 1960's) we were still taught the correct spellings and pronunciations rather than left to grope in the dark with ITA, phonics and other weird and wonderful systems that have sprung up since my time.
The one big difficulty I recall as a kid was with words that end in -ine where that ending is pronounced "in", e.g. "engine", "genuine". For some reason I always wanted to insert an e before the ending to make "engeine" or "genueine". This was possibly in a vague attempt to mark the different pronunciation, for I had no such problem where the ending had its more usual pronunciation e.g. "line", "combine".
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