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History/Timeline of Libraries: from Ashurbanipal (ca 668 BCE) to the     Internet

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Berkeley Brett - 24 Jan 2010 10:30 GMT
Since lovers of language are often lovers of libraries, I thought you
might enjoy this history/timeline of libraries, from 668 BCE to the
present:

http://tinyurl.com/yd8sspn

or

http://www.historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/index.php?category=Libraries+

courtesy of Jeremy Norman's HistoryOfScience.com:

http://www.historyofscience.com/

Any thoughts inspired by this timeline are most welcome.

--
Brett (in Berkeley, California, USA)
http://www.100bestwebsites.org/
"The 100 finest sites on the Web, all in one place!"
Widely-watched non-profit ranking of top Internet sites
Prai Jei - 27 Jan 2010 20:20 GMT
Berkeley Brett set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
continuum:

> Since lovers of language are often lovers of libraries, I thought you
> might enjoy this history/timeline of libraries, from 668 BCE to the
> present:

Why the spurious E after the date 668 BC, in both the title and body of the
text?
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Wood Avens - 27 Jan 2010 20:42 GMT
>Berkeley Brett set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
>continuum:
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>Why the spurious E after the date 668 BC, in both the title and body of the
>text?

BCE = before common era.

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Katy Jennison

spamtrap: remove the first two letters after the @

R H Draney - 28 Jan 2010 00:05 GMT
Wood Avens filted:

>>Berkeley Brett set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
>>continuum:
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
>
>BCE = before common era.

Another bit of creeping PCE....r

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more full like this?...or like this?

Chuck Riggs - 28 Jan 2010 11:42 GMT
>Wood Avens filted:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>
>Another bit of creeping PCE....r

Do many Jews and Muslims actually take offence from the C in BC, I
wonder? I'm an atheist, but BC and AD have never bothered me, they are
such small details.
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Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Prai Jei - 29 Jan 2010 20:53 GMT
Chuck Riggs set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
continuum:

>>Wood Avens filted:
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> wonder? I'm an atheist, but BC and AD have never bothered me, they are
> such small details.

Certainly I wouldn't take offence if the current year were referred to
regularly as AM 5770, AH 1431 or BE 166 rather than AD 2010. It's straight
forward enough to convert from one numbering to another, and I would
respect the beliefs of the religious group using the numbering in question,

But there is no reason to change any of the abbreviations which identify the
numbering used, to deliberately detach it from its religious significance
and designate/desecrate it as "common". As suggested elsewhere in this
thread, yes I am aware of what these "alternative" abbreviations mean, and
I loathe them for that.
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Chuck Riggs - 30 Jan 2010 11:23 GMT
>Chuck Riggs set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
>continuum:
[quoted text clipped - 29 lines]
>thread, yes I am aware of what these "alternative" abbreviations mean, and
>I loathe them for that.

"Common era" does seem presumptuous and unnecessary, IMO, now that you
mention it.
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Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 30 Jan 2010 12:14 GMT
I loathe them for that.

>"Common era" does seem presumptuous and unnecessary, IMO, now that you
>mention it.

I found the Wikipedia article interesting:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Era

Snippets:

   The term "Common Era" is traced back in English to its appearance as
   "Vulgar Era" (from the Latin word vulgus, the common people, i.e.
   those who are not royalty), to distinguish it from the regnal dating
   systems typically used in national law. The first use of the Latin
   equivalent (vulgaris aerae) discovered so far was in a 1615 book by
   Johannes Kepler.
   ....

   The English phrase "common Era" appears at least as early as
   1708, and in a 1715 book on astronomy is used interchangeably with
   "Christian Era" and "Vulgar Era"
   ....

   Some Jewish academics were already using the CE and BCE
   abbreviations by the mid-19th century, such as in 1856, when Rabbi
   and historian, Morris Jacob Raphall used the abbreviation in his
   book, Post-Biblical History of The Jews

   Although Jews have their own Hebrew calendar, they often find it
   necessary to use the Gregorian Calendar as well. The reasons for
   some using Common Era notation are described below:

     Jews do not generally use the words "A.D." and "B.C." to refer to
     the years on the Gregorian calendar. "A.D." means "the year of our
     L-rd," and we do not believe Jesus is the L-rd. Instead, we use
     the abbreviations C.E. (Common or Christian Era) and B.C.E.
     (Before the Common Era).

   Indeed, Common Era notation has also been in use for Hebrew lessons
   for "more than a century".

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Evan Kirshenbaum - 30 Jan 2010 18:48 GMT
> I loathe them for that.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>     Rabbi and historian, Morris Jacob Raphall used the abbreviation
>     in his book, Post-Biblical History of The Jews

While that's the earliest I see on Google Books (and way earlier than
I would have guessed), it must have been common (in those circles) by
then, since as far as I can tell, Raphall uses the abbreviations
without comment or explanation, including in the subtitle "From the
Close of the Old Testament, About the Year 420 B.C.E. Till the
Destruction of the Second Temple, in the Year 70 C.E."

>     Although Jews have their own Hebrew calendar, they often find it
>     necessary to use the Gregorian Calendar as well. The reasons for
>     some using Common Era notation are described below:
>
>       Jews do not generally use the words "A.D." and "B.C." to refer to
>       the years on the Gregorian calendar.

Actually, I'd guess that most of us do, not giving it any more thought
than we (or Christians) do to "Thursday" or "January".

>       "A.D." means "the year of our L-rd," and we do not believe
>       Jesus is the L-rd. Instead, we use the abbreviations
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>     Indeed, Common Era notation has also been in use for Hebrew
>     lessons for "more than a century".

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Chuck Riggs - 31 Jan 2010 11:43 GMT
>I loathe them for that.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
>    1708, and in a 1715 book on astronomy is used interchangeably with
>    "Christian Era" and "Vulgar Era"

CE has an older history than I realized, at least with academic
people, for I doubt if many ordinary people in the early eighteenth
century were familiar with the astronomical terms found in the book
you mentioned.
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Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Steve Hayes - 28 Jan 2010 02:05 GMT
>Berkeley Brett set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
>continuum:
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>Why the spurious E after the date 668 BC, in both the title and body of the
>text?

It's a convention observed mostly by religious studies and theology faculties
at universities:

BCE = before common era
CE = common era

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Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
Web:  http://hayesfam.bravehost.com/stevesig.htm
Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

James Hogg - 28 Jan 2010 05:39 GMT
>> Berkeley Brett set the following eddies spiralling through the space-time
>> continuum:
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
> BCE = before common era
> CE = common era

I suspect Prai Jei knew this all along. If he wishes he can read the
abbreviations as:

BCE = before the Christian era
CE = the Christian era

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James

 
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