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Cheryl - 07 Feb 2010 17:07 GMT
We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
all too seriously (or possibly considered the fact that they hadn't
cleared the steps or the parking lot) and closed the building containing
the public library for that day as well as the day of the storm.

This was announced on large typed signs stating "Building Closed Due To
Inclimate Weather".

I suppose it is some consolation when considering climate change to know
that our local weather is not connected with the climate any more!

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Cheryl

James Hogg - 07 Feb 2010 17:37 GMT
> We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us)
> and on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> know that our local weather is not connected with the climate any
> more!

I got 382 Google hits for "inclimate weather". That includes a warning
against it in The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style.

A semantic parallel is the German word for a storm, "Unwetter",
literally "un-weather".

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James

Jerry Friedman - 07 Feb 2010 19:02 GMT
> > We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us)
> > and on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> A semantic parallel is the German word for a storm, "Unwetter",
> literally "un-weather".

I think I'll start referring to unusually hot or cold conditions as
"intemperatures".

--
Jerry Friedman
John O'Flaherty - 07 Feb 2010 20:21 GMT
>> > We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us)
>> > and on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>I think I'll start referring to unusually hot or cold conditions as
>"intemperatures".

This winter, it's been distemperatures.

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John

Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 07 Feb 2010 18:23 GMT
>We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
>on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
>I suppose it is some consolation when considering climate change to know
>that our local weather is not connected with the climate any more!

Re: Blizzard.

The OED defines it as:

   furious blast of frost-wind and blinding snow, in which man and
   beast frequently perish; a ‘snow-squall’. Also attrib. and Comb.
   orig. U.S.

That is my understanding of a blizzard. A strong wind is an essential
feature of a blizzard. However much snow might fall, without the
"furious blast" it is not a blizzard.

Some news reporters in the UK seem to use "blizzard" of any snowfall
that leaves more than a couple of centimetres of white stuff on the
ground even when there is no wind.

Do I have too narrow understanding of the word?

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Wood Avens - 07 Feb 2010 18:28 GMT
>Re: Blizzard.
>
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
>
>Do I have too narrow understanding of the word?

That's my understanding, too.  It's shaped almost entirely, I realise,
by the blizzard in Arthur Ransome's "Winter Holiday", which drives
Dick and Dorothea's ice-sledge up the lake.

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Katy Jennison

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Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 07 Feb 2010 19:42 GMT
>>Re: Blizzard.
>>
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
>by the blizzard in Arthur Ransome's "Winter Holiday", which drives
>Dick and Dorothea's ice-sledge up the lake.

One of a set of books that were a major influence on me. I haven't
reread them for a few years.

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Nick - 07 Feb 2010 19:56 GMT
>>>Re: Blizzard.
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 20 lines]
> One of a set of books that were a major influence on me. I haven't
> reread them for a few years.

I've just bought S&A for my eldest, I'm interested to see if it's now
getting too dated or whether it can grip this generation the way it did
me and my mother.
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Nick Spalding - 07 Feb 2010 20:18 GMT
Nick wrote, in <87hbpsyg3v.fsf@temporary-address.org.uk>
on Sun, 07 Feb 2010 19:56:36 +0000:

> >>>Re: Blizzard.
> >>>
[quoted text clipped - 24 lines]
> getting too dated or whether it can grip this generation the way it did
> me and my mother.

I must try them on my grandchildren.
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Nick Spalding
BrE/IrE

Mike Lyle - 07 Feb 2010 23:04 GMT
> Nick wrote, in <87hbpsyg3v.fsf@temporary-address.org.uk>
> on Sun, 07 Feb 2010 19:56:36 +0000:
[quoted text clipped - 29 lines]
>
> I must try them on my grandchildren.

What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman was
one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort reads,
while the others had a harder edge, IIRC. There was a non-boaty one I
remember with as much admiration as vagueness, called "Fell Farm
Holiday".

One of the Australian ones (with titles like _That Must Be Julian_) even
had the heroes making a harpoon gun and nailing sharks with it: these
they sold to a caricature Italian dealer.

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Mike.

LFS - 07 Feb 2010 23:30 GMT
> One of the Australian ones (with titles like _That Must Be Julian_) even
> had the heroes making a harpoon gun and nailing sharks with it: these
> they sold to a caricature Italian dealer.

A dealer in caricature Italians? The mind boggles.

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Laura
(emulate St. George for email)

Mike Lyle - 07 Feb 2010 23:44 GMT
>> One of the Australian ones (with titles like _That Must Be Julian_)
>> even had the heroes making a harpoon gun and nailing sharks with it:
>> these they sold to a caricature Italian dealer.
>
> A dealer in caricature Italians? The mind boggles.

Dealing in real Italians would have been unlawful. "Indentured labour",
even for Islanders, had been abolished by then.

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Mike.

Nick Spalding - 08 Feb 2010 10:17 GMT
Mike Lyle wrote, in <hkngtr$kei$1@news.eternal-september.org>
on Sun, 7 Feb 2010 23:04:28 -0000:

> What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman was
> one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort reads,
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
> had the heroes making a harpoon gun and nailing sharks with it: these
> they sold to a caricature Italian dealer.

Another non-boaty, but horsy one was "Far Distant Oxus" written when
they were teenagers by Katharine Hull and Pamela Whitlock, with some
sequels.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Far-Distant_Oxus>
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Nick Spalding
BrE/IrE

Wood Avens - 08 Feb 2010 10:29 GMT
>What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman was
>one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort reads,
>while the others had a harder edge, IIRC. There was a non-boaty one I
>remember with as much admiration as vagueness, called "Fell Farm
>Holiday".

I re-read "Fell Farm for Christmas" the other month, having come
across it (as one does) in one of my bookshelves.  I think Arther
Ransome has probably worn better, but there's still a certain retro
charm.

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Katy Jennison

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Mike Lyle - 08 Feb 2010 22:23 GMT
>> What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman
>> was one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
> Ransome has probably worn better, but there's still a certain retro
> charm.

Oh, that's a shame: I was looking forward to finding it again. I
remember now that another one of the boaty writers was Aubrey de
Selincourt.

Did anybody else read all those rather ethnic Irish ones? Not only the
sweepingly-illustrated Legendary Tales (Kinchin-Smith and Melluish, I
think), but _The Dark Sailor of Youghal_ and many others. Was one of the
authors called Patricia Lynch?

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Mike.

LFS - 08 Feb 2010 22:48 GMT
> Did anybody else read all those rather ethnic Irish ones? Not only the
> sweepingly-illustrated Legendary Tales (Kinchin-Smith and Melluish, I
> think), but _The Dark Sailor of Youghal_ and many others. Was one of the
> authors called Patricia Lynch?

She wrote Long Ears, one of my favourites as a child. But I hesitate to
reread it. It might spoil the magic.

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Laura
(emulate St. George for email)

Wood Avens - 09 Feb 2010 09:46 GMT
>>> What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman
>>> was one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>remember now that another one of the boaty writers was Aubrey de
>Selincourt.

Oh yes, I remember de Selincourt, too.  

Mike, if you email me your address (avoiding my spam trap) I'll put
"Fell Farm for Christmas" in the post for you.  

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Katy Jennison

spamtrap: remove the first two letters after the @

Mike Lyle - 09 Feb 2010 17:53 GMT
>>>> What has happened to the other boat-children books? Adrian Seligman
>>>> was one writier I remember, but he wasn't alone. S&A were comfort
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
> Mike, if you email me your address (avoiding my spam trap) I'll put
> "Fell Farm for Christmas" in the post for you.

That's, um, mighty white-Christmas of you, Katy! I'll do so.

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Mike.

James Silverton - 07 Feb 2010 20:08 GMT
>>>Re: Blizzard.
>>>
[quoted text clipped - 20 lines]
> One of a set of books that were a major influence on me. I haven't
> reread them for a few years.

Doesn't a "snow storm" also imply a strong wind. I know the phrase
"storm of the century" was used for the recent East Coast snow fall.
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 07 Feb 2010 21:57 GMT
>>>>Re: Blizzard.
>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 23 lines]
>Doesn't a "snow storm" also imply a strong wind. I know the phrase
>"storm of the century" was used for the recent East Coast snow fall.

The OED says that a snowstorm is "A storm accompanied by a heavy fall of
snow", a rainstorm is "A storm accompanied by heavy rain" but that a
hail-storm is "A violent fall or storm of hail".

It says a storm is:
   I. 1.
   a. A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, manifested by high
   winds, often accompanied by heavy falls of rain, hail, or snow, by
   thunder and lightning, and at sea by turbulence of the waves.
[1] Hence sometimes applied to a heavy fall of rain, hail, or snow, or
   to a violent outbreak of thunder and lightning, unaccompanied by
   strong wind.
   b. Used spec. as the distinctive appellation of a particular degree
   of violence in wind. In mod. Meteorology: An atmospheric disturbance
   which in the Beaufort scale is classed as intermediate between a
   whole gale and a hurricane, having a wind-force estimated at 10-11
   and a limit of velocity at from 56-75 miles per hour.

[1] That seems to contradict the definitions of snowstorm and rainstorm
which imply that wind is part of such a storm.

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Mark Brader - 08 Feb 2010 07:59 GMT
James Silverton:
> Doesn't a "snow storm" also imply a strong wind.

To me, "storm" implies intense weather conditions of some kind
associated with precipitation, but not necessarily wind.  A rainstorm
could be a vertical downpour and a snowstorm could be a heavy fall of
snow without wind.  If you add wind to the snow, what you have is a
blizzard.

A weather system with sustained freezing rain leaving a significant
coating of ice on the ground seems to be being called an "ice storm"
these days, although I personally prefer to just speak of freezing
rain.  Anyway, freezing rain is hardly ever accompaned by wind.

"Storm" also implies that it lasts more than a few minutes.  If the
rain or snow is intense but brief, then it's only a rain shower or a
snow flurry, not a storm.
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Chuck Riggs - 08 Feb 2010 13:52 GMT
>>>>Re: Blizzard.
>>>>
[quoted text clipped - 22 lines]
>>
>Doesn't a "snow storm" also imply a strong wind.

I'd say so. On the other hand, the wind may be calm during a "heavy
snowfall", and very often is.
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An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 08 Feb 2010 20:16 GMT
On Feb 7, 3:08 pm, "James Silverton" <not.jim.silver...@verizon.net>
wrote:

> >>>Re: Blizzard.
>
[quoted text clipped - 23 lines]
> Doesn't a "snow storm" also imply a strong wind. I know the phrase
> "storm of the century" was used for the recent East Coast snow fall.

Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
of the year.
Hatunen - 08 Feb 2010 20:36 GMT
>Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
>of the year.

Given that the current century is only a little more than nine
years on, it isn't that big a deal to be the "storm of the
century". The current storms definitely seem to qualify up to
this point.

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Peter Moylan - 08 Feb 2010 21:47 GMT
>> Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>> completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> century". The current storms definitely seem to qualify up to
> this point.

It's a silly way to measure, though. Why were all the counters reset
when we passed the arbitrary 2001 marker? "The worst storm since 1910"
would be worth talking about.

Someone ought to point out to the news people that the storm of the
decade was just as bad as the storm of the century.

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For an e-mail address, see my web page.

Mike Lyle - 08 Feb 2010 22:29 GMT
>>> Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>>> completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> Someone ought to point out to the news people that the storm of the
> decade was just as bad as the storm of the century.

The Brit meeja do seem to use the "since n" formula. Memorably extreme
weather isn't particularly frequent here; but it happened that this
winter they had the rare treat of being able to use "since last winter".

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Mike.

Cheryl - 09 Feb 2010 11:44 GMT
>> Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>> completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> century". The current storms definitely seem to qualify up to
> this point.

I always interpreted such comments as meaning 'in the last hundred
years'. Of course, the media use the term much more loosely, but I think
engineers have ways of figuring out how to build things that will stand
the worst storm an area is likely to experience in a hundred years.
That's where I thought the idea came from.

Of course, sometimes just after the transmission line or whatever is
built, there's a storm that's a LOT worse than anything seen in the last
hundred years.

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Cheryl

Hatunen - 09 Feb 2010 16:43 GMT
>>> Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>>> completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
[quoted text clipped - 14 lines]
>built, there's a storm that's a LOT worse than anything seen in the last
>hundred years.

It's tempting to take "storm of the century" as meaning "100-year
storm" in the same manner as "100-year flood", but it isn't at
all the same. I suspect, though, that the media don't know the
difference and are wrongly labelling "100-year storm" (which can
happen twice within a century or even twice within a decade, or
even more often).

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Roland Hutchinson - 10 Feb 2010 06:07 GMT
>>>> Judging by the local media's usage, "storm of the century" is
>>>> completely idiomatic.  It designates the first moderately large storm
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
> wrongly labelling "100-year storm" (which can happen twice within a
> century or even twice within a decade, or even more often).

"Heaviest snowfall ever recorded" is pretty good -- that what the news
here has been reporting for the District of Columbia, which is still
digging out.  (We have one thing here in New Jersey that they don't have:
almost enough plows.  And we got no snow at all at my latitude in the
last storm; not so lucky tonight, it seems; more than a foot is expected.)

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Cheryl - 10 Feb 2010 10:42 GMT
> "Heaviest snowfall ever recorded" is pretty good -- that what the news
> here has been reporting for the District of Columbia, which is still
> digging out.  (We have one thing here in New Jersey that they don't have:
> almost enough plows.  And we got no snow at all at my latitude in the
> last storm; not so lucky tonight, it seems; more than a foot is expected.)

One very memorable winter we had the most snow accumulate in recorded
history (most winters it falls, partly melts, falls, melts some more etc).

This would sound more impressive if 'recorded history' were actually
something like the period of time people have been writing things down
about the place, say, 500 years or so. In fact, they meant the period of
time since people started writing down official weather observations,
which was only in the 1800s, as far as I can recall.

It was an extraordinary amount of snow, but unlike the recent US
example, it didn't all fall at the same time.

I gather a visiting expert in something or other, originally from
France, left with a huge sigh of relief after our most recent blizzard,
saying she'd never seen anything like it in her life, and couldn't get
over how everyone just took it in stride, already had their snow tires
on and their snow shovels and heavy jackets ready...it was just a fairly
typical blizzard, honestly!

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Cheryl

sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 10 Feb 2010 18:48 GMT
> > "Heaviest snowfall ever recorded" is pretty good -- that what the news
> > here has been reporting for the District of Columbia, which is still
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> It was an extraordinary amount of snow, but unlike the recent US
> example, it didn't all fall at the same time.

The Washington, DC area is approaching the most accumulation in a
similar "recorded history".  It's been split up between 3 major storms
(one in mid-December, one the past Friday, and one last night) along
with several little ones.  Prior to last night, we'd received
45" (114.3 cm) of snow this year--the record was 54.4" (138.2 cm) in
the winter of 1898-99.  It's possible that the storm last night
surpassed that record.

I view this from 2 perspectives.  On the one hand, the 45" we'd
received through yesterday was more snow than in the previous 4 years
combined.  On the other hand, I grew up in Maine; my town averaged
over 65" a year and occasionally got 150" (381 cm) or more--which is
peanuts compared to the 1000" (25 m) or more that some of the ski
areas in the mountains out West get in a good year.
John Varela - 11 Feb 2010 20:13 GMT
> The Washington, DC area is approaching the most accumulation in a
> similar "recorded history".  It's been split up between 3 major storms
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> the winter of 1898-99.  It's possible that the storm last night
> surpassed that record.

The record was broken; the weatherpersons on TV were
hyperventilating about being present when history was made. The
official numbers are collected at National Airport, which is right
down on the river. Go a few miles away and many places have totals
five or ten inches higher, maybe more.

> I view this from 2 perspectives.  On the one hand, the 45" we'd
> received through yesterday was more snow than in the previous 4 years
> combined.  On the other hand, I grew up in Maine; my town averaged
> over 65" a year and occasionally got 150" (381 cm) or more--which is
> peanuts compared to the 1000" (25 m) or more that some of the ski
> areas in the mountains out West get in a good year.

Oh you don't have to tell me about that. I used to have to trudge
two miles to school through the snow uphill in both directions.

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Mark Brader - 13 Feb 2010 07:33 GMT
Roland Hutchinson:
>> "Heaviest snowfall ever recorded" is pretty good -- that what the news
>> here has been reporting for the District of Columbia, which is still
>> digging out.  ...
>> almost enough plows.  And we got no snow at all at my latitude in the
>> last storm; not so lucky tonight, it seems; more than a foot is expected.)

Cheryl Perkins:
> One very memorable winter we had the most snow accumulate in recorded
> history (most winters it falls, partly melts, falls, melts some more etc).
>
> This would sound more impressive if 'recorded history' [did not mean]
> they meant the period of time since people started writing down
> official weather observations, which was only in the 1800s...

Yep.  But I'm still going to mention that in 2009 Toronto set an all-time
record (the beginning of time, in this case, being 1847) for snowfall in
the month of November.

Zero.
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Philip Eden - 07 Feb 2010 18:54 GMT
"Peter Duncanson (BrE)" <mail@peterduncanson.net> wrote :
> Re: Blizzard.
>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
> that leaves more than a couple of centimetres of white stuff on the
> ground even when there is no wind.

I used to be perplexed by this habit too. On one occasion,
probably about 15 years ago, I was so perplexed with
the use of "flash flood" to describe six inches of water under
a railway bridge in Neasden that I asked a senior BBC news
editor why it happened, and his reply was: "Yes, it's a
widespread illness among journalists and there's no known
cure.  It's called 'adjectival inflation' (even when it manifests
itself as one noun replacing another). Thus every accident
is 'a serious accident'; every death is 'a tragic death', as if
there were any other kind, and in reporting of weather
events every snow flurry is 'a blizzard', every rumble of
thunder is 'a violent electrical storm', and, yes, six inches of
water under a railway bridge in Neasden is 'a flash flood.'
Live with it, cos it ain't going to go away."

I live with it by telling that story, over and over again.

Philip Eden
Mike Lyle - 07 Feb 2010 23:09 GMT
> "Peter Duncanson (BrE)" <mail@peterduncanson.net> wrote :
>> Re: Blizzard.
[quoted text clipped - 29 lines]
>
> I live with it by telling that story, over and over again.

I think we should all tell that and similar stories till it _does_ go
away. (Yeah, yeah, I know. The windmills always win the joust.) They
wouldn't, yet, call a lettuce a tree, and it's simply lying to say
people "panicked" when they didn't, and were "distraught" when they
weren't.

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Mike.

Steve Hayes - 07 Feb 2010 19:04 GMT
>>We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
>>on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 19 lines]
>feature of a blizzard. However much snow might fall, without the
>"furious blast" it is not a blizzard.

I've never actually seen a blizzard, but that is what I sould expect If I were
told that one were coming.

But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
"epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
influenced them.

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Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
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Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

annily - 08 Feb 2010 00:49 GMT
>>> We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
>>> on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
> influenced them.

How were they using the term prior to Haiti (i.e. when they weren't so
careful)? I'm fairly new to a.u.e. so missed any discussion here on that.

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annily - 08 Feb 2010 00:54 GMT
>>>> We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us)
>>>> and on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had
[quoted text clipped - 28 lines]
> How were they using the term prior to Haiti (i.e. when they weren't so
> careful)? I'm fairly new to a.u.e. so missed any discussion here on that.

Oh, let me guess. They would use "epicentre" to mean "focus", i.e. the
point in the crust where the earthquake started, rather than the point
on the surface directly above.

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Steve Hayes - 08 Feb 2010 05:52 GMT
>>> But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
>>> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
[quoted text clipped - 6 lines]
>point in the crust where the earthquake started, rather than the point
>on the surface directly above.

No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where, for
example two sides of a fault shifted in relation to each other. And they then
referred to the epicentre as "the point above the epicentre". cf "ground
zero".

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annily - 08 Feb 2010 08:01 GMT
>>>> But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
>>>> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where, for
> example two sides of a fault shifted in relation to each other.

Yes, that's the focus, isn't it?

> And they then
> referred to the epicentre as "the point above the epicentre". cf "ground
> zero".

So they used it to mean two different things, the focus and the epicentre?

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which may or may not influence my opinions.

Steve Hayes - 08 Feb 2010 12:20 GMT
>>>>> But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
>>>>> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
[quoted text clipped - 17 lines]
>
>So they used it to mean two different things, the focus and the epicentre?

No, they used it only to refer to the focus.

Signature

Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
Web:  http://hayesfam.bravehost.com/stevesig.htm
Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk

Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 08 Feb 2010 12:22 GMT
>>>>> But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
>>>>> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>> referred to the epicentre as "the point above the epicentre". cf "ground
>> zero".

I'm confused. You said one thing. Steve said "No" and then repeated what
you had said but in different words.

>So they used it to mean two different things, the focus and the epicentre?

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Steve Hayes - 08 Feb 2010 14:56 GMT
>>>>>> But I've noticed the media seem to have been a bit more careful about
>>>>>> "epicentre" when writing about the earthquake in Haiti -- perhaps AUE
[quoted text clipped - 18 lines]
>I'm confused. You said one thing. Steve said "No" and then repeated what
>you had said but in different words.

I think we've sorted it out now.

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Mark Brader - 08 Feb 2010 20:34 GMT
Steve Hayes:
>> No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where,
>> for example two sides of a fault shifted in relation to each other.

"Annily":
> Yes, that's the focus, isn't it?

Yes, with earthquakes "focus" and "center" are synonymous terms.
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msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"

Hatunen - 08 Feb 2010 20:41 GMT
>Steve Hayes:
>>> No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where,
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>
>Yes, with earthquakes "focus" and "center" are synonymous terms.

The earthquake glossary at
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Seismicity/earthquake_terminology.html
recognizes the term "focus" for the location and depth of the
point of first motion but does not give the term "center". It
does give the term "hypocenter" for "The calculated location of
the focus of an earthquake."

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 08 Feb 2010 21:06 GMT
>>Steve Hayes:
>>>> No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where,
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>does give the term "hypocenter" for "The calculated location of
>the focus of an earthquake."

There is a problem with "hypocenter".

OED:

   1. The focus of an earthquake, the point within the earth where it
   originates.
   
   1905 C. DAVISON Study Rec. Earthquakes i. 3 The region within which
   the displacement occurs is sometimes called the hypocentre, but more
   frequently the seismic focus, or simply the focus.
   ....

   2. = ground zero (GROUND n. 18).
   
   1960 Observer 29 May 26/1 The Hiroshima survivors are unusual in
   having experienced a single whole-body exposure, the dose varying
   according to distance from the hypocentre (point directly beneath
   centre) of the explosion.

   1962 J. F. LOUTIT Irradiation ii. 75 The incidence of leukemia..is
   high for those who were exposed near to the hypocenter.

Sense 1 means the "focus". Sense 2 means "below the focus".

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(in alt.usage.english)

Hatunen - 08 Feb 2010 21:37 GMT
>>>Steve Hayes:
>>>>> No, they used it to mean the centre, the point under the ground, where,
[quoted text clipped - 35 lines]
>
>Sense 1 means the "focus". Sense 2 means "below the focus".

Those are two different fields, of course. I suppose
seismologists get to define terms anyway they like.

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
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Peter Moylan - 08 Feb 2010 21:52 GMT
> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"

How does a submarine empty its toilets? I have this horrible picture of
the flush happening in the wrong direction.

If the answer is "back in port", you'd need an enormous holding tank for
those 20,000 leaks.

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Peter Moylan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.      http://www.pmoylan.org
For an e-mail address, see my web page.

Mark Brader - 08 Feb 2010 23:31 GMT
Peter Moylan:
> How does a submarine empty its toilets?

"Very carefully!"
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Frank ess - 09 Feb 2010 00:05 GMT
>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> If the answer is "back in port", you'd need an enormous holding
> tank for those 20,000 leaks.

I read an entertaining "war" novel in which a novice officer issued a
mistaken command while at cruise underwater. For a rapid emergency
surfacing movement, one of the orders was "Blow Safeties", which would
cause compressed air to eject ballast water from tanks used to
establish and trim the boat's depth and attitude.

He said, "Blow Sanitaries", and since they were sealed from access to
the outside environment the holding tanks reverse-flushed and emptied
into the occupied area of the submarine.

It's my assumption that Blowing Sanitaries under proper
(non-submerged) circumstances is routine.

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Frank ess

Skitt - 09 Feb 2010 00:17 GMT
>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> If the answer is "back in port", you'd need an enormous holding tank
> for those 20,000 leaks.

Speaking of toilets that had to empty into something above their level, we
had those, complete with clutch and gearshift, at Thule AB.

http://home.comcast.net/~skitt99/Toilet.jpg

That one was just for peeing.  The others had seats and no splash panel.  It
was not a good idea to lean over them when using the pedal and hand lever.
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Skitt (AmE)

Nick Spalding - 09 Feb 2010 11:48 GMT
Peter Moylan wrote, in <J-CdnevrwIw5Gu3WnZ2dnUVZ7shi4p2d@westnet.com.au>
on Tue, 09 Feb 2010 08:52:36 +1100:

> > Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
> > msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> If the answer is "back in port", you'd need an enormous holding tank for
> those 20,000 leaks.

There was a number of valves that had to be operated in the correct
sequence that, if done correctly, caused compressed air to flush the
toilet to the sea.  If done incorrectly the result was called "getting
your own back".  This is what I was told when on a trip in an old T
Class training submarine, whose name I forget, in 1955.
Signature

Nick Spalding
BrE/IrE

Chuck Riggs - 10 Feb 2010 15:03 GMT
>Peter Moylan wrote, in <J-CdnevrwIw5Gu3WnZ2dnUVZ7shi4p2d@westnet.com.au>
> on Tue, 09 Feb 2010 08:52:36 +1100:
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
>your own back".  This is what I was told when on a trip in an old T
>Class training submarine, whose name I forget, in 1955.

In a modern submarine, toilet effluent is stored in holding tanks
until the boat comes into port.
Signature


Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Skitt - 10 Feb 2010 17:47 GMT
>>>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>>>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 13 lines]
> In a modern submarine, toilet effluent is stored in holding tanks
> until the boat comes into port.

Yes, and one of the unloading facilities is at Cape Canaveral AFB, just
outside the entrance to a closed area I frequented on my last job.
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Skitt (AmE)

Chuck Riggs - 11 Feb 2010 17:00 GMT
>>>>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>>>>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>Yes, and one of the unloading facilities is at Cape Canaveral AFB, just
>outside the entrance to a closed area I frequented on my last job.

When passing through the entrance, I assume you kept on walkin. That's
small potatoes, though. The Hunter's Point smell at times beat them
all, IME.
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Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Skitt - 11 Feb 2010 18:17 GMT
>>>>>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>>>>>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 21 lines]
> small potatoes, though. The Hunter's Point smell at times beat them
> all, IME.

Actually, I remember the Cape facility's being smelly only on one occasion.
Maybe that's because it wasn't used very much, and everything there was
pretty well sealed.  It was not a treatment plant, but only a temporary
storage facility.
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Skitt (AmE)

Chuck Riggs - 12 Feb 2010 12:17 GMT
>>>>>>> Mark Brader, Toronto    |   "What caused the submarine to sink?"
>>>>>>> msb@vex.net             |   "Dad, it was the 20,000 leaks!!"
[quoted text clipped - 26 lines]
>pretty well sealed.  It was not a treatment plant, but only a temporary
>storage facility.

An interesting thing I remember reading about smells is that the
nuances of them are retained in the memory for a very long time. Even
now, I can easily "smell", in my mind, the Hunter's Point smell, for
example.
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Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Bob Martin - 12 Feb 2010 15:06 GMT
>An interesting thing I remember reading about smells is that the
>nuances of them are retained in the memory for a very long time. Even
>now, I can easily "smell", in my mind, the Hunter's Point smell, for
>example.

Sometime in the 80s I met a friend at the coffee machine (in the UK, this is)
and said "you've just stayed in Howard Johnsons".
He looked amazed and asked how I knew.  I told him - by the smell, though I
hadn't been in one since 1970, and then only for a few days.
Chuck Riggs - 13 Feb 2010 12:37 GMT
>>An interesting thing I remember reading about smells is that the
>>nuances of them are retained in the memory for a very long time. Even
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>He looked amazed and asked how I knew.  I told him - by the smell, though I
>hadn't been in one since 1970, and then only for a few days.

Strange, isn't it, yet I've had similar experiences.
Signature


Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Jerry Friedman - 07 Feb 2010 19:12 GMT
On Feb 7, 11:23 am, "Peter Duncanson (BrE)" <m...@peterduncanson.net>
wrote:
> >We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
> >on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
>
> Do I have too narrow understanding of the word?

Funny, shortly after reading that, I saw

http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100206/sc_livescience/whatisablizzard

(topical because of the recent "snowmageddon" in the mid-Atlantic
region of the U.S., reported here by Bob Lieblich).

'The term "blizzard" is often tossed around when big winter storms
blow in. But the National Weather service has an official definition
of blizzard:

'A blizzard as a storm with "considerable falling or blowing snow" and
winds in excess of 35 mph and visibilities of less than 1/4 mile for
at least 3 hours.'

--
Jerry Friedman is hoping for snow today.
Peter Duncanson (BrE) - 07 Feb 2010 19:53 GMT
ObBlizzard:

>Funny, shortly after reading that, I saw
>
>http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100206/sc_livescience/whatisablizzard
>
>(topical because of the recent "snowmageddon" in the mid-Atlantic
>region of the U.S., reported here by Bob Lieblich).

I see that storm has its own Wikipedia page:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_2010

Also previously:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_storms_of_2008%E2%80%932009#December

   Winter storms of 2008–2009

   December
   
   "Snowmaggedon" was termed for this period of this winter season.
   Bobby Gray of Moore, Oklahoma first used this phrase in his
   autobiography discribing the unusual Oklahoma winter.

>'The term "blizzard" is often tossed around when big winter storms
>blow in. But the National Weather service has an official definition
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>winds in excess of 35 mph and visibilities of less than 1/4 mile for
>at least 3 hours.'

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Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

John Varela - 07 Feb 2010 21:00 GMT
> On Feb 7, 11:23 am, "Peter Duncanson (BrE)" <m...@peterduncanson.net>
> wrote:
[quoted text clipped - 42 lines]
> winds in excess of 35 mph and visibilities of less than 1/4 mile for
> at least 3 hours.'

Before our yesterday's snow storm in DC the TV weathermen (they're
all men) showed maps identifying those counties for which Winter
Storm Warnings had been issued and those for which Blizzard Warnings
had been issued. The latter were mostly east of DC, but strong winds
developed almost everywhere so I think what we had in the Virginia
suburbs yesterday was a blizzard.

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sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 08 Feb 2010 20:17 GMT
> On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman
>
[quoted text clipped - 52 lines]
> developed almost everywhere so I think what we had in the Virginia
> suburbs yesterday was a blizzard.

I don't think the winds here (on the southern edge of Alexandria) got
anywhere near what I'd think of as blizzard-force winds.
John Varela - 08 Feb 2010 21:33 GMT
> > On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman
> >
[quoted text clipped - 55 lines]
> I don't think the winds here (on the southern edge of Alexandria) got
> anywhere near what I'd think of as blizzard-force winds.

We had snow traveling almost horizontally here in McLean, and the
people reporting on TV from outdoor locations kept talking about how
the blowing snow was stinging them. IIRC there were TV reports of
winds in excess of 30 mph with higher gusts. A reporter on the Mall
between the Capitol and the Washington Monument said she couldn't
see either structure. So if wasn't a blizzard it was damn close.

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Hatunen - 08 Feb 2010 21:40 GMT
>> > On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman
>> >
[quoted text clipped - 62 lines]
>between the Capitol and the Washington Monument said she couldn't
>see either structure. So if wasn't a blizzard it was damn close.

According to http://www.nw-weathernet.com/wx_terms.htm a blizzard
"includes winter storm conditions of sustained winds greater than
thirty-five mph that cause major blowing and drifting of snow,
reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile" which I see is
the same wording at the NOAA site
http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/box/glossary.htm

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 08 Feb 2010 23:29 GMT
> On Mon, 8 Feb 2010 20:17:11 UTC, "sjdevn...@yahoo.com"
>
[quoted text clipped - 65 lines]
> between the Capitol and the Washington Monument said she couldn't
> see either structure. So if wasn't a blizzard it was damn close.

It wasn't anything like that here--the wind was basically nonexistent,
and I'd be surprised if even what passed for gusts were over 10mph.
FWIW, the National Weather Service definition requires 35 mph
sustained winds or frequent gusts (plus sub-quarter mile visibility)
for 3+ hours.  So it sounds like "if it wasn't a blizzard it was damn
close" is dead-on in your area!
Hatunen - 09 Feb 2010 16:40 GMT
>It wasn't anything like that here--the wind was basically nonexistent,
>and I'd be surprised if even what passed for gusts were over 10mph.
>FWIW, the National Weather Service definition requires 35 mph
>sustained winds or frequent gusts (plus sub-quarter mile visibility)
>for 3+ hours.  So it sounds like "if it wasn't a blizzard it was damn
>close" is dead-on in your area!

We here in southern Arizona would appreciate it if y'all would
send us about four hours of one of your blizzards....

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

R H Draney - 09 Feb 2010 19:12 GMT
Hatunen filted:

>>It wasn't anything like that here--the wind was basically nonexistent,
>>and I'd be surprised if even what passed for gusts were over 10mph.
[quoted text clipped - 5 lines]
>We here in southern Arizona would appreciate it if y'all would
>send us about four hours of one of your blizzards....

We here in central Arizona would rather not participate in this exchange...we
know what happens when locals try to drive in heavy rain and can only imagine
the chaos that would ensue if *frozen* water were to fall from the skies....r

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A pessimist sees the glass as half empty.
An optometrist asks whether you see the glass
more full like this?...or like this?

Hatunen - 09 Feb 2010 20:15 GMT
>Hatunen filted:
>>
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>know what happens when locals try to drive in heavy rain and can only imagine
>the chaos that would ensue if *frozen* water were to fall from the skies....r

I was here in the 1970s when Tucson had seven inches of snow. The
first time I'd seen snow that accumulated on the streets. A good
time was had by all. I had moved here from Montreal just a few
years earlier and thought it was a laugh riot.

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

R H Draney - 09 Feb 2010 21:23 GMT
Hatunen filted:

>>We here in central Arizona would rather not participate in this exchange...we
>>know what happens when locals try to drive in heavy rain and can only imagine
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
>time was had by all. I had moved here from Montreal just a few
>years earlier and thought it was a laugh riot.

I remember a brief slushy snowfall at my home in the late '80s (in the
afternoon, in November!)...stray cats were wandering around apparently thinking
"in all my eight years I've never seen anything like this!"...r

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An optometrist asks whether you see the glass
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Skitt - 09 Feb 2010 00:03 GMT
>>> Before our yesterday's snow storm in DC the TV weathermen (they're
>>> all men) showed maps identifying those counties for which Winter
[quoted text clipped - 12 lines]
> between the Capitol and the Washington Monument said she couldn't
> see either structure. So if wasn't a blizzard it was damn close.

Here is a story about a snowstorm at Thule Air Base while I was stationed
there.  Fortunately, I had taken Christmas leave (in the Baltimore area), so
I missed that particular storm.  I was there for several others, though.
http://thulegreenlandsite.com/arctic_storm.html

Here are a few of my Thule AB pictures.
http://home.comcast.net/~skitt99/thule.html
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Skitt (AmE)

John Varela - 10 Feb 2010 18:37 GMT
> > On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman

> > > 'A blizzard as a storm with "considerable falling or blowing snow" and
> > > winds in excess of 35 mph and visibilities of less than 1/4 mile for
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> I don't think the winds here (on the southern edge of Alexandria) got
> anywhere near what I'd think of as blizzard-force winds.

I think you'll agree that what's going on today is a blizzard. The
map of blizzard warning areas extends all the way along the coast
from central Virginia to Montauk. That's what? Close to 300 miles
(500 Km)? Roland is getting his today.

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James Silverton - 10 Feb 2010 20:07 GMT
John  wrote  on 10 Feb 2010 18:37:35 GMT:

> >> On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman

> > >> 'A blizzard as a storm with "considerable falling or
> > >> blowing snow" and winds in excess of 35 mph and
[quoted text clipped - 11 lines]
>> Alexandria) got anywhere near what I'd think of as
>> blizzard-force winds.

> I think you'll agree that what's going on today is a blizzard.
> The map of blizzard warning areas extends all the way along
> the coast from central Virginia to Montauk. That's what? Close
> to 300 miles (500 Km)? Roland is getting his today.

There have been a few moments when "blizzard" would have been truly
applicable here but the word seems more suitable to what I hear of
northern Maryland and Baltimore. There is a noticeable breeze but now
little snow-fall.

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James Silverton
Potomac, Maryland

Email, with obvious alterations: not.jim.silverton.at.verizon.not

sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 10 Feb 2010 20:30 GMT
> On Mon, 8 Feb 2010 20:17:11 UTC, "sjdevn...@yahoo.com"
>
[quoted text clipped - 15 lines]
>
> I think you'll agree that what's going on today is a blizzard.

Not here; once again, there's been almost no wind.  Newscasts from
Baltimore look more blizzard-y.
Roland Hutchinson - 11 Feb 2010 05:48 GMT
>> > On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman
>
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
> central Virginia to Montauk. That's what? Close to 300 miles (500 Km)?
> Roland is getting his today.

We're still having quite good luck compared to those to the south of us.  
About a foot has come down and it's now pretty much all over for us.  
Everything should be dug out and plowed and all roads back to normal
usability by sometime tomorrow.  

Today was a snow day for every school and business I know about.  We
stayed indoors, watched Julie & Julia on DVD with our upstairs neighbor
(worth seeing just to look at the food!--don't miss the close-up of the
lobster thermador in the "making of" extra feature), and ate warm and
comforting shepherds' pie (cottage pie to you purists) prepared by my
spouse. A second pie has been left in the custody of the aforesaid
neighbor lest I be tempted to eat it all myself before supper tomorrow.

And we are resolved to tackle Julia Child's boeuf bourgignon before the
winter's over.

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Roland Hutchinson       

He calls himself "the Garden State's leading violist da gamba,"
... comparable to being ruler of an exceptionally small duchy.
--Newark (NJ) Star Ledger  ( http://tinyurl.com/RolandIsNJ )

Chuck Riggs - 11 Feb 2010 17:07 GMT
>> > On Sun, 7 Feb 2010 19:12:58 UTC, Jerry Friedman
>
[quoted text clipped - 16 lines]
>from central Virginia to Montauk. That's what? Close to 300 miles
>(500 Km)? Roland is getting his today.

CNN's Becky Anderson,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Becky_Anderson.jpg,

told me it was a blizzard, and I wouldn't dare call her a liar. She
mentioned the formula for one, which I wanted to write down just for
this occasion, but she was too fast for me.
Signature


Regards,

Chuck Riggs,
An American who lives near Dublin, Ireland and usually spells in BrE

Mark Brader - 08 Feb 2010 20:44 GMT
John Varela:
> Before our yesterday's snow storm in DC the TV weathermen (they're
> all men) showed maps identifying those counties for which Winter
> Storm Warnings had been issued and those for which Blizzard Warnings
> had been issued. ...

Interesting.  They do "winter storm warnings" here too, but I've never
seen "blizzard warning" as a separate category.

Looking down the list at <http://text.weatheroffice.gc.ca/canada_e.html>
to see if there were any winter storm warnings anywhere currently,
I was surprised to see the current weather in Calgary described as
"snow grains".  I don't remember ever seeing that usage before either.

Looking at the forecast for Calgary for today, I see that it predicts
flurries -- nothing about grains in it.  I was also interested to see
that they expect fog patches there today, even though the high will be
only -6 C (21 F); around here, you don't get fog when it's that cold.
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Toronto       |   phase of the moon, the programmer should be prepared
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My text in this article is in the public domain.

Peter Moylan - 08 Feb 2010 22:04 GMT
> John Varela:
>> Before our yesterday's snow storm in DC the TV weathermen (they're
[quoted text clipped - 4 lines]
> Interesting.  They do "winter storm warnings" here too, but I've never
> seen "blizzard warning" as a separate category.

It's possible that a new category has been introduced.

The Fire Service here used to rate the fire danger on any particular day
on a five-step scale going from "Low" to "Extreme". (I might have the
terms wrong; I can't find information about the old system.) In the last
couple of years, with the increasing severity of bush fires, there have
been too many cases of fires that simply didn't fit into that scale. A
new level "catastrophic" has now been added.

The definition is something like: don't expect to survive if you don't
leave immediately. Your house is going to be burnt down, and people will
die, no matter what. This is too big for the Fire Brigade to handle.

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Peter Moylan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.      http://www.pmoylan.org
For an e-mail address, see my web page.

Peter Moylan - 08 Feb 2010 00:33 GMT
> --
> Jerry Friedman is hoping for snow today.

Me too. This hot weather is getting me down.

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Peter Moylan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.      http://www.pmoylan.org
For an e-mail address, see my web page.

JimboCat - 08 Feb 2010 18:22 GMT
> 'The term "blizzard" is often tossed around when big winter storms
> blow in. But the National Weather service has an official definition
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
> winds in excess of 35 mph and visibilities of less than 1/4 mile for
> at least 3 hours.'

Up here in the Frozen North-ish of Central New York (State, US), we
have a veritable Esquimaux-level vocabulary for snow.

Flurries are light, intermittent snowfall.

Squalls are much heavier, but still intermittent, snow.

Show showers are similar to flurries, but somewhat less intermittent.

"Snow storms" range from near-blizzards that don't quite shut
everything down, to light flurries that don't live up to their forcast
intensities.

Blizzards are the Real Thing, with blinding snow and heavy winds that
continue for days, not just hours.

Then there's "Lake Effect", which can be combined with any of the
first four, and refers to snow that falls downwind and uphill from any
large unfrozen body of water when no "general" snowfall is occurring.
There is no such thing as a "lake effect blizzard" though, despite the
fact that it can satisfy every bit of the primary definition.

Additional terms for the interested student to research: sleet,
freezing rain, graupel and "diamond dust". There is an entire glossary
of terms used by skiers for the state of snow on the ground, too. And
yet another used by researchers and microphotographers dealing with
the multitude of shapes taken on by individual snowflakes.

Jim Deutch (JimboCat)
--
"We live in an age where True Names give you power (where a True Name
is one close enough to the correct spelling that Google knows what you
mean.)" [David M. Palmer]
sjdevnull@yahoo.com - 08 Feb 2010 20:23 GMT
> > 'The term "blizzard" is often tossed around when big winter storms
> > blow in. But the National Weather service has an official definition
[quoted text clipped - 10 lines]
>
> Squalls are much heavier, but still intermittent, snow.

I grew up in Maine, where we had an extensive snow vocabulary as
well.  "Squalls" there referred to wind.   You can have squalls
accompanied by snow, but that's not a necessary pairing--indeed, the
term was probably more commonly used during rain storms than snow.
John Varela - 08 Feb 2010 21:34 GMT
> I grew up in Maine, where we had an extensive snow vocabulary as
> well.  "Squalls" there referred to wind.   You can have squalls
> accompanied by snow, but that's not a necessary pairing--indeed, the
> term was probably more commonly used during rain storms than snow.

There are squalls in the Gulf of Mexico.

Signature

John Varela
Trade NEWlamps for OLDlamps for email

Hatunen - 08 Feb 2010 21:45 GMT
>> I grew up in Maine, where we had an extensive snow vocabulary as
>> well.  "Squalls" there referred to wind.   You can have squalls
>> accompanied by snow, but that's not a necessary pairing--indeed, the
>> term was probably more commonly used during rain storms than snow.
>
>There are squalls in the Gulf of Mexico.

As a northeast Ohioan, we were sometimes subjected to squall
lines moving in off Lake Erie.

According to http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/box/glossary.htm

"Squall- A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset in which
the wind speed increases at least 16 knots and is sustained at 22
knots or more for at least one minute."

But ...

"Squall Line- Any non-frontal line or narrow band of active
thunderstorms. The term is usually used to describe solid or
broken lines of strong or severe thunderstorms."

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  ************* DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@cox.net) *************
  *       Tucson Arizona, out where the cacti grow         *
  * My typos & mispellings are intentional copyright traps *

Pat Durkin - 09 Feb 2010 00:23 GMT
>> 'The term "blizzard" is often tossed around when big winter storms
>> blow in. But the National Weather service has an official
[quoted text clipped - 42 lines]
> yet another used by researchers and microphotographers dealing with
> the multitude of shapes taken on by individual snowflakes.

I sometimes find that "Lux flakes" best describes some diamond-shaped
snow crystals.

But those flakes are hardly "diamond dust"...or whatever.   But, OK,
graupel is good.  (Snow pellets...little round snowballs.)
Cheryl - 07 Feb 2010 22:08 GMT
>> We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
>> on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 25 lines]
>
> Do I have too narrow understanding of the word?

Environment Canada says:

Blizzards are severe winter storms characterized by the following: snow
or blowing snow with winds of 40 km/hr or more, visibility reduced to
less than one km. in snow and/or blowing snow, windchill of -25 or
colder. All of the above conditions are expected to last for four hours
or more to be officially classified as a blizzard.

I think we had pretty well all of those - the winds, I believe, tripled
the 40 kph speed on what they call 'exposed coastal areas'.

I wouldn't call a snow squall a blizzard. Snow squalls are much shorter
and less intense than blizzards.

I'm not in the UK, and when we get a couple centimeters of snow, we call
their fall rather dismissively 'just a flurry'.

Our weather reporters like excitement, too, and while they don't call
flurries blizzards, they do start tracking systems hundreds or even
thousands of miles away, dwelling on what might happen here if the
systems behave in certain ways. Most of the time, they either die down
or veer away from us. And, of course, there are now several weather
services who all seem to have different models in their computers which
naturally produce quite different predictions of what is going to happen.

Signature

Cheryl

Robert Lieblich - 07 Feb 2010 23:50 GMT
> We've had the second blizzard of an unusually mild winter (for us) and
> on Saturday I was rather annoyed to discover that someone had taken it
[quoted text clipped - 7 lines]
> I suppose it is some consolation when considering climate change to know
> that our local weather is not connected with the climate any more!

Here in Greater Laurel, and possibly in other nearby areas, you will
occasionally hear "Inkle-meant," primary access on "inkle" and
secondary on "meant."  I would like to attribute this to British
recessive accent, but I think it's strictly local idiocy[1] that gets
the credit.

[1]  Am I allowed to say "idiocy"?

Signature

Bob Lieblich
Hoping for a higher tempacheer soon

Wood Avens - 08 Feb 2010 10:40 GMT
>Here in Greater Laurel, and possibly in other nearby areas, you will
>occasionally hear "Inkle-meant," primary access on "inkle" and
[quoted text clipped - 3 lines]
>
>[1]  Am I allowed to say "idiocy"?

Well, we sometimes pronounce it like that here, between ourselves,
much as we exchange light banter about having been mizzled or needing
a warmer duvitt.  Are you sure that the denizens of Greater Laurel
haven't embraced this form of restricted code?

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Katy Jennison

spamtrap: remove the first two letters after the @

Robert Lieblich - 08 Feb 2010 17:16 GMT
> >Here in Greater Laurel, and possibly in other nearby areas, you will
> >occasionally hear "Inkle-meant," primary access on "inkle" and
[quoted text clipped - 8 lines]
> a warmer duvitt.  Are you sure that the denizens of Greater Laurel
> haven't embraced this form of restricted code?

Possible, but unlikely.  I hear it mostly from the weather-nouncers on
the telly.  There's  no indication that they're being facetious.

Signature

Bob Lieblich
Still fondly remembering Charles Winchester's DES-picable

 
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